אֱמֹ֗ר כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהֹוִ֖ה תִּצְלָ֑ח הֲלֹוא֩ אֶת־שָׁרָשֶׁ֨יהָ יְנַתֵּ֜ק וְאֶת־פִּרְיָ֣הּ יְקֹוסֵ֣ס וְיָבֵ֗שׁ כָּל־טַרְפֵּ֤י צִמְחָהּ֙ תִּיבָ֔שׁ וְלֹֽא־בִזְרֹ֤עַ גְּדֹולָה֙ וּבְעַם־רָ֔ב לְמַשְׂאֹ֥ות אֹותָ֖הּ מִשָּׁרָשֶֽׁיהָ׃
Say, ‘Thus says the Lord YHWH: “Shall it prosper? Behold, its roots he will pull out, and its fruit he will cut off, and it will wither; all the fresh growth of its sprouting will wither, and not by great arm nor by many people will it be lifted up from its roots.
Morphology
- אֱמֹר (ʾemor) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal imperative 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “Say”; Notes: Direct command to the prophet to deliver YHWH’s message.
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: —; Form: Demonstrative adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Introductory word for divine declaration.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Part of the prophetic formula.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾAdonai) – Root: אדן; Form: Noun of majesty; Translation: “Lord”; Notes: Title for God in prophetic address.
- יְהֹוִה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of Israel’s God.
- תִּצְלָח (titslaḥ) – Root: צלח; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “Shall it prosper?”; Notes: Interrogative rhetorical form.
- הֲלֹוא (halo) – Root: —; Form: Interrogative particle; Translation: “Behold / is it not”; Notes: Introduces rhetorical questioning.
- אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: “(marks the object)”; Notes: Emphasizes the following object.
- שָׁרָשֶׁיהָ (sharashéha) – Root: שרשׁ; Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “its roots”; Notes: Symbol of stability and life-source.
- יְנַתֵּק (yenatteq) – Root: נתק; Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he will pull out”; Notes: Stronger than simple “remove,” stressing uprooting.
- וְאֶת־ (ve-ʾet) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction + direct object marker; Translation: “and (the)”; Notes: Coordinates with prior object.
- פִּרְיָהּ (piryah) – Root: פרי; Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “its fruit”; Notes: Symbol of productivity and blessing.
- יְקֹוסֵס (yeqoses) – Root: קוסס; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he will cut off”; Notes: Rare verb, denoting clipping or cutting down.
- וְיָבֵשׁ (ve-yavesh) – Root: יבשׁ; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive nuance; Translation: “and it will wither”; Notes: Prophetic prediction of decline.
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל; Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all of”; Notes: Intensifies scope of withering.
- טַרְפֵּי (tarpei) – Root: טרף; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “fresh growth of”; Notes: Refers to tender leaves or shoots.
- צִמְחָהּ (tsimḥah) – Root: צמח; Form: Noun feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “its sprouting”; Notes: Denotes the plant’s new growth.
- תִּיבָשׁ (tibash) – Root: יבשׁ; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “it will wither”; Notes: Emphasizes total loss of vitality.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction with negation; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Negates the following clause.
- בִזְרֹועַ (bizroaʿ) – Root: זרע; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “by an arm”; Notes: Figurative of human strength.
- גְּדֹולָה (gedolah) – Root: גדל; Form: Adjective feminine singular absolute; Translation: “great”; Notes: Describes the arm as mighty.
- וּבְעַם (u-veʿam) – Root: עם; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “and by a people”; Notes: Refers to collective human forces.
- רָב (rav) – Root: רבב; Form: Adjective masculine singular absolute; Translation: “many”; Notes: Refers to multitude of people.
- לְמַשְׂאֹות (le-masoʾt) – Root: נשא; Form: Noun feminine plural construct with prefixed לְ; Translation: “to lift up”; Notes: Describes the action of carrying or bearing up.
- אֹותָהּ (otah) – Root: את; Form: Direct object marker with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “it (her)”; Notes: Refers back to the vine as object of lifting.
- מִשָּׁרָשֶׁיהָ (mi-sharashéha) – Root: שרשׁ; Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “from its roots”; Notes: Indicates source or origin from which uprooting would occur.