יַ֛עַן אֲשֶׁר־הִכְרַ֥תִּי מִמֵּ֖ךְ צַדִּ֣יק וְרָשָׁ֑ע לָ֠כֵן תֵּצֵ֨א חַרְבִּ֧י מִתַּעְרָ֛הּ אֶל־כָּל־בָּשָׂ֖ר מִנֶּ֥גֶב צָפֹֽון׃
Because I have cut off from you righteous and wicked, therefore my sword shall go out from its sheath against all flesh from Negev to north.
Morphology
- יַעַן (yaʿan) – Root: יען; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces the reason or cause for the judgment.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative particle; Translation: “that / which”; Notes: Connects the clause of what has been done.
- הִכְרַתִּי (hikhratti) – Root: כרת; Form: Hifil perfect 1cs; Translation: “I have cut off”; Notes: Divine action of removal or destruction.
- מִמֵּךְ (mimmekh) – Root: מן; Form: Preposition מִן + second fs suffix; Translation: “from you”; Notes: Addressed to the land (feminine personification).
- צַדִּיק (tsaddiq) – Root: צדק; Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “righteous”; Notes: Refers to those upright in conduct.
- וְרָשָׁע (ve-rashaʿ) – Root: רשע; Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “and wicked”; Notes: Represents the morally corrupt; paired with “righteous.”
- לָכֵן (lakhen) – Root: —; Form: Adverb/conjunction; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Introduces the consequence of the action described.
- תֵּצֵא (tetze) – Root: יצא; Form: Qal imperfect 3fs; Translation: “it shall go out”; Notes: Refers to the sword as the subject.
- חַרְבִּי (ḥarbi) – Root: חרב; Form: Noun feminine singular + 1cs suffix; Translation: “my sword”; Notes: Symbol of YHWH’s judgment.
- מִתַּעְרָהּ (mit-taʿrah) – Root: ערה; Form: Preposition מִן + noun feminine singular with 3fs suffix; Translation: “from its sheath”; Notes: Imagery of drawing a sword for battle.
- אֶל־כָּל־בָּשָׂר (el-khol-basar) – Root: בשר; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular collective; Translation: “against all flesh”; Notes: Refers to all human beings universally.
- מִנֶּגֶב (min-negev) – Root: נגב; Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from Negev”; Notes: Southern region of Yisraʾel, indicating starting point.
- צָפֹונָה (tsafonah) – Root: צפון; Form: Noun masculine singular with directional ending -ah; Translation: “to the north”; Notes: Expresses extent of the sword’s reach, covering all directions.