וַתֹּ֖וסֶף אֶל־תַּזְנוּתֶ֑יהָ וַתֵּ֗רֶא אַנְשֵׁי֙ מְחֻקֶּ֣ה עַל־הַקִּ֔יר צַלְמֵ֣י כשֶׂדיים חֲקֻקִ֖ים בַּשָּׁשַֽׁר׃
And she added to her harlotries, and she saw men engraved upon the wall, images of the Kasdim engraved in vermilion.
Morphology
- וַתֹּוסֶף (va-tosef) – Root: יסף (yasaf); Form: Hiphil wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and she added”; Notes: Indicates continuation or increase of sinful activity.
- אֶל־תַּזְנוּתֶיהָ (el-taznuteha) – Root: זנה (zanah); Form: Preposition אֶל + noun feminine plural abstract + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “to her harlotries”; Notes: Expands her already existing harlotries.
- וַתֵּרֶא (va-tereʾ) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and she saw”; Notes: Refers to visual attraction that leads to sin.
- אַנְשֵׁי (ʾanshei) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “men of”; Notes: Introduces the subject being observed.
- מְחֻקֶּה (meḥuqeh) – Root: חקק (ḥaqaq); Form: Pual participle masculine plural (used collectively); Translation: “engraved / inscribed”; Notes: Describes figures carved or drawn.
- עַל־הַקִּיר (ʿal-ha-qir) – Root: קיר (qir); Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “upon the wall”; Notes: Location of the images.
- צַלְמֵי (tsalmei) – Root: צלם (tselem); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “images of”; Notes: Refers to depictions or representations.
- כשֶׂדיים (Kasdim) – Root: כשׂד (Kasdim); Form: Proper noun, gentilic plural; Translation: “Kasdim” (Chaldeans, Babylonians); Notes: Refers to the Chaldean people of Babylon.
- חֲקֻקִים (ḥaquqim) – Root: חקק (ḥaqaq); Form: Pual participle masculine plural; Translation: “engraved”; Notes: Repetition underscores artificial artistry of the idols.
- בַּשָּׁשַׁר (ba-shashar) – Root: שׁשר (shashar); Form: Preposition בְ + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “in vermilion / red pigment”; Notes: Bright red coloring often associated with luxury or idolatry.