וְלֹֽא־יִשְׂא֨וּ עֵצִ֜ים מִן־הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה וְלֹ֤א יַחְטְבוּ֙ מִן־הַיְּעָרִ֔ים כִּ֥י בַנֶּ֖שֶׁק יְבַֽעֲרוּ־אֵ֑שׁ וְשָׁלְל֣וּ אֶת־שֹׁלְלֵיהֶ֗ם וּבָֽזְזוּ֙ אֶת־בֹּ֣זְזֵיהֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ ס
And they shall not carry wood from the field, nor cut down from the forests, for with the weapons they shall burn fire; and they shall plunder those who plundered them and rob those who robbed them,” declares the Lord YHWH.
Morphology
- וְלֹא־יִשְׂאוּ (ve-loʾ-yisʾū) – Root: נשא (nāśāʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle לֹא + Qal imperfect 3mp; Translation: “and they shall not carry”; Notes: Denies the need to gather fuel—God’s victory provides abundance through the spoils of war.
- עֵצִים (ʿētsīm) – Root: עץ (ʿēts); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “wood”; Notes: Represents natural fuel sources, now unnecessary due to burning of weapons.
- מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה (min-ha-sādeh) – Root: שׂדה (sādeh); Form: Preposition מִן + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the field”; Notes: Indicates origin—fields are no longer needed for collecting wood.
- וְלֹא (ve-loʾ) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Continues the parallel negation from the previous clause.
- יַחְטְבוּ (yaḥṭevū) – Root: חצב (ḥatsav); Form: Qal imperfect 3mp; Translation: “they shall cut down”; Notes: Describes the act of chopping or hewing wood, here rendered unnecessary.
- מִן־הַיְּעָרִים (min-ha-yeʿārīm) – Root: יער (yaʿar); Form: Preposition מִן + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “from the forests”; Notes: Refers to natural woodlands—the source of firewood before the prophetic abundance.
- כִּי (kī) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason why no wood will be needed.
- בַּנֶּשֶׁק (ba-nesheq) – Root: נשׁק (nesheq); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “with the weapons”; Notes: The same instruments of war now become fuel for fire.
- יְבַעֲרוּ־אֵשׁ (yevaʿarū-ʾēsh) – Root: בער (baʿar); Form: Qal imperfect 3mp + noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “they shall burn fire”; Notes: The verb’s repetition underscores the complete consumption of war materials.
- וְשָׁלְלוּ (ve-shālelu) – Root: שׁלל (shālal); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “and they shall plunder”; Notes: Describes taking the spoils of their defeated enemies.
- אֶת־שֹׁלְלֵיהֶם (ʾet-shōləlêhem) – Root: שׁלל (shālal); Form: Direct object marker אֵת + Qal participle masculine plural construct + suffix 3mp; Translation: “those who plundered them”; Notes: Indicates poetic justice—those who once plundered Yisraʾel are themselves plundered.
- וּבָזְזוּ (u-vāzəzu) – Root: בזז (bāzaz); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “and they shall rob”; Notes: Synonymous parallelism reinforcing the theme of retribution and reversal of fortunes.
- אֶת־בֹּזְזֵיהֶם (ʾet-bozzêhem) – Root: בזז (bāzaz); Form: Direct object marker אֵת + Qal participle masculine plural construct + suffix 3mp; Translation: “those who robbed them”; Notes: Continues the reciprocal retribution motif.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם (nāʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “utterance” / “declaration”; Notes: Prophetic formula introducing the divine affirmation.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonāy) – Root: אדן (ʾādan); Form: Plural of majesty with possessive sense “my Lord”; Translation: “Lord”; Notes: Title expressing divine sovereignty.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havāh); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of God, affirming the divine source and authority of the prophecy.