בַּהֲבִיאֲכֶ֣ם בְּנֵֽי־נֵכָ֗ר עַרְלֵי־לֵב֙ וְעַרְלֵ֣י בָשָׂ֔ר לִהְיֹ֥ות בְּמִקְדָּשִׁ֖י לְחַלְּלֹ֣ו אֶת־בֵּיתִ֑י בְּהַקְרִֽיבְכֶ֤ם אֶת־לַחְמִי֙ חֵ֣לֶב וָדָ֔ם וַיָּפֵ֨רוּ֙ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֔י אֶ֖ל כָּל־תֹּועֲבֹותֵיכֶֽם׃
When you brought in foreigners, uncircumcised in heart and uncircumcised in flesh, to be in My sanctuary, to profane it, even My house, when you offered My bread, the fat and the blood, and they broke My covenant by all your abominations.
Morphology
- בַּהֲבִיאֲכֶם (ba-haviʾakhem) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Preposition בְּ + Hifil infinitive construct + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “when you brought in”; Notes: The Hifil form expresses causation — “to cause to come.” Refers to allowing foreigners into YHWH’s sanctuary.
- בְּנֵי־נֵכָר (benei-nekar) – Root: נכר (nakar); Form: Construct chain: plural noun masculine construct + noun masculine singular; Translation: “sons of foreigners”; Notes: Refers to non-Israelites, foreigners alien to YHWH’s covenant.
- עַרְלֵי־לֵב (ʿarlei-lev) – Root: ערל (ʿaral) / לב (lev); Form: Adjective masculine plural construct + noun masculine singular; Translation: “uncircumcised in heart”; Notes: Figurative expression denoting spiritual insensitivity or rebellion.
- וְעַרְלֵי־בָשָׂר (ve-ʿarlei-basar) – Root: ערל (ʿaral) / בשר (basar); Form: Conjunction וְ + adjective masculine plural construct + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and uncircumcised in flesh”; Notes: Denotes physical uncircumcision, violating covenantal purity.
- לִהְיֹות (li-hyot) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Preposition לְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to be”; Notes: Expresses purpose — to exist or serve within the temple area.
- בְּמִקְדָּשִׁי (be-miqdashi) – Root: קדשׁ (qadash); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular + 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “in My sanctuary”; Notes: Indicates YHWH’s holy domain, profaned by unauthorized entry.
- לְחַלְּלֹו (le-ḥallelō) – Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Preposition לְ + Piel infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to profane it”; Notes: The Piel conveys intensive action — desecration of sacred space.
- אֶת־בֵּיתִי (et-beiti) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Direct object marker + noun masculine singular + 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “My house”; Notes: Refers specifically to YHWH’s temple, equated with His dwelling.
- בְּהַקְרִיבְכֶם (be-haqrivkhem) – Root: קרב (qarav); Form: Preposition בְּ + Hifil infinitive construct + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “when you offered”; Notes: Refers to bringing offerings before YHWH, a priestly function being defiled here.
- אֶת־לַחְמִי (et-laḥmi) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Direct object marker + noun masculine singular + 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “My bread”; Notes: Metaphor for YHWH’s offerings — the sacrificial food symbolizing communion with Him.
- חֵלֶב (ḥelev) – Root: חלב (ḥalav); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “fat”; Notes: Represents the choicest portion of sacrifices, reserved for YHWH alone.
- וָדָם (va-dam) – Root: דם (dam); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and blood”; Notes: Refers to the blood of sacrificial animals, signifying life and atonement in worship.
- וַיָּפֵרוּ (va-yaferu) – Root: פרר (parar); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they broke”; Notes: Indicates violation or nullification of YHWH’s covenant by their defilement.
- אֶת־בְּרִיתִי (et-beriti) – Root: ברית (berit); Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine singular + 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “My covenant”; Notes: Refers to the binding agreement between YHWH and His people, now desecrated by their sin.
- אֶל (el) – Root: —; Form: Preposition; Translation: “by” or “through”; Notes: Here marks the means or association by which the covenant was violated — through their abominations.
- כָּל־תֹּועֲבֹותֵיכֶם (kol-toʿavotekhem) – Root: תעב (taʿav); Form: Noun feminine plural construct + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “all your abominations”; Notes: Refers collectively to acts of idolatry and impurity committed by the people, violating temple sanctity.