וְעַל֙ גְּב֣וּל גָּ֔ד אֶל־פְּאַ֖ת נֶ֣גֶב תֵּימָ֑נָה וְהָיָ֨ה גְב֜וּל מִתָּמָ֗ר מֵ֚י מְרִיבַ֣ת קָדֵ֔שׁ נַחֲלָ֖ה עַל־הַיָּ֥ם הַגָּדֹֽול׃
And upon the border of Gad, toward the south side southward, and the border shall be from Tamar to the waters of Merivat Qadesh, an inheritance to the Great Sea.
Morphology
- וְעַל (ve-ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition; Translation: “and upon”; Notes: Connects this boundary statement to the preceding descriptions of tribal allotments.
- גְּב֣וּל (gevul) – Root: גבול (gevul); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “border”; Notes: Refers to the delineated boundary line of Gad’s tribal territory.
- גָּד (Gad) – Root: גד (Gad); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Gad”; Notes: The tribe whose southern border is being described here.
- אֶל־פְּאַת (ʾel-peʾat) – Root: פאה (peʾah); Form: Preposition אֶל + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “toward the side of”; Notes: Marks directional movement or reference toward a specific side or border.
- נֶגֶב (negev) – Root: נגב (negev); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “south”; Notes: Refers to the arid southern region of the land, often symbolizing dryness or desert.
- תֵּימָנָה (temanah) – Root: ימן (yaman); Form: Noun with directional suffix; Translation: “southward”; Notes: Emphasizes direction, indicating the extension of the border toward the south.
- וְהָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with prefixed וְ; Translation: “and it shall be”; Notes: Introduces the specification of the future established boundary.
- גְּב֜וּל (gevul) – Root: גבול (gevul); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “border”; Notes: Repetition reinforces territorial precision in the demarcation.
- מִתָּמָר (mi-tamar) – Root: תמר (tamar); Form: Preposition מִן + proper noun; Translation: “from Tamar”; Notes: Tamar marks a southern point of reference for the boundary line.
- מֵי (mei) – Root: מים (mayim); Form: Preposition מִן + plural noun construct; Translation: “waters of”; Notes: Introduces the next geographical landmark, a water source or body.
- מְרִיבַת (merivat) – Root: ריב (riv); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “contention of”; Notes: Refers to “Merivat-Qadesh,” meaning “strife of Qadesh,” a location tied to Israel’s wilderness wanderings.
- קָדֵשׁ (Qadesh) – Root: קדשׁ (qadash); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Qadesh”; Notes: A significant site in the Negev associated with Israel’s testing in the wilderness.
- נַחֲלָה (naḥalah) – Root: נחל (naḥal); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “inheritance”; Notes: Denotes the assigned portion of land as a tribal possession.
- עַל־ (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “unto” or “by”; Notes: Indicates spatial proximity to the sea or western terminus.
- הַיָּם (ha-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the sea”; Notes: Refers to the western boundary, the Mediterranean Sea.
- הַגָּדֹול (ha-gadol) – Root: גדל (gadal); Form: Adjective masculine singular definite; Translation: “the great”; Notes: Descriptive epithet for the Mediterranean, “the Great Sea,” marking the far western boundary of the land.