מהר המלט שמה כי לא אוכל לעשות דבר עד באך שמה על כן קרא שם העיר צוער׃
Gen 19:22 [Samaritan]
מהר המלט שמה כי לא אוכל לעשות דבר עד באך שמה על כן קרא שם העיר צער׃
Gen 19:22 [Masoretic]
מַהֵר הִמָּלֵט שָׁמָּה כִּי לֹא אוּכַל לַעֲשֹׂות דָּבָר עַד־בֹּאֲךָ שָׁמָּה עַל־כֵּן קָרָא שֵׁם־הָעִיר צֹֽועַר׃
Gen 19:22 [Targum Onkelos]
אוֹחִי אִשְׁתֵּיזַב לְתַמַּן אֲרֵי לָא אִיכּוּל לְמַעֲבַּד פִּיתְגָּמָא עַד מֵיתַךְ לְתַמָּן עַל כֵּן קְרָא שְׁמַהּ דְקַרְתָּא צֹעַר׃
Gen 19:22 [Peshitta]
ܒܥܓܠ ܐܬܦܠܛ ܠܬܡܢ܂ ܡܛܠ ܕܠܐ ܡܫܟܚ ܐܢܐ ܕܐܥܒܼܕ ܡܕܡ ܥܕܡܐ ܕܥܐܿܠ ܐܢܬ ܠܬܡܢ܂ ܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܩܼܪܐ ܫܡܗܿ ܕܩܪܝܬܐ ܨܥܪ܂
מַהֵר֙ הִמָּלֵ֣ט שָׁ֔מָּה כִּ֣י לֹ֤א אוּכַל֙ לַעֲשֹׂ֣ות דָּבָ֔ר עַד־בֹּאֲךָ֖ שָׁ֑מָּה עַל־כֵּ֛ן קָרָ֥א שֵׁם־הָעִ֖יר צֹֽועַר׃
Hurry, escape there, for I cannot do anything until you arrive there.” Therefore the name of the city was called Tsoʿar.
Morphology
- מַהֵר֙ (maher) – Root: מהר (m-h-r); Form: Verb, Piel, Imperative, 2ms; Translation: “hurry”; Notes: A command urging Lot to act quickly.
- הִמָּלֵ֣ט (himmalet) – Root: מלט (m-l-ṭ); Form: Verb, Niphal, Imperative, 2ms; Translation: “escape”; Notes: A directive for Lot to flee to safety.
- שָׁ֔מָּה (shamah) – Root: שם (sh-m); Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Refers to the city of Zoar.
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי (k-y); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the urgency.
- לֹ֤א (lo) – Root: לא (l-ʾ); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the angel’s ability to act.
- אוּכַל֙ (ukhal) – Root: יכל (y-k-l); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 1cs; Translation: “I can”; Notes: Expresses inability to act before Lot’s arrival.
- לַעֲשֹׂ֣ות (la’asot) – Root: עשה (‘-s-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to do”; Notes: Refers to the action of destruction.
- דָּבָ֔ר (davar) – Root: דבר (d-b-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “anything”; Notes: Indicates any act of destruction.
- עַד־ (‘ad-) – Root: עד (‘-d); Form: Preposition; Translation: “until”; Notes: Specifies the condition for the angel’s action.
- בֹּאֲךָ֖ (bo’akha) – Root: בוא (b-w-ʾ); Form: Verb, Qal, Infinitive construct with 2ms suffix; Translation: “you arrive”; Notes: Refers to Lot’s arrival at Zoar.
- שָׁ֑מָּה (shamah) – Root: שם (sh-m); Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Reiterates the destination of Lot’s escape.
- עַל־כֵּ֛ן (‘al-ken) – Root: כן (k-n); Form: Prepositional phrase; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Indicates the reason for naming the city Zoar.
- קָרָ֥א (qara) – Root: קרא (q-r-ʾ); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “he called”; Notes: Refers to naming the city.
- שֵׁם־ (shem-) – Root: שם (sh-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “the name of”; Notes: Introduces the name given to the city.
- הָעִ֖יר (ha’ir) – Root: עיר (‘yr); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the city”; Notes: Refers to Zoar.
- צֹֽועַר (Tzo’ar) – Root: צער (tz-ʿ-r); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Zoar”; Notes: The name means “small” or “insignificant.”