וַתִּקְרָ֞א לְאַנְשֵׁ֣י בֵיתָ֗הּ וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר רְא֗וּ הֵ֥בִיא לָ֛נוּ אִ֥ישׁ עִבְרִ֖י לְצַ֣חֶק בָּ֑נוּ בָּ֤א אֵלַי֙ לִשְׁכַּ֣ב עִמִּ֔י וָאֶקְרָ֖א בְּקֹ֥ול גָּדֹֽול׃
And she called to the men of her house, and she said to them, saying, “See, he has brought to us a ʿIvri man to mock us. He came to me to lie with me, and I cried out with a loud voice.”
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַתִּקְרָא | va-tiqraʾ | “and she called” | Qal wayyiqtol 3fs |
| 2 | לְאַנְשֵׁי | le-ʾanshe | “to the men of” | Prep לְ + N(mp construct) |
| 3 | בֵיתָהּ | veytah | “her house” | N(ms construct) + suff 3fs |
| 4 | וַתֹּאמֶר | va-tomer | “and she said” | Qal wayyiqtol 3fs |
| 5 | לָהֶם | lahem | “to them” | Prep לְ + suff 3mp |
| 6 | לֵאמֹר | leʾmor | “saying” | Prep לְ + Qal infinitive construct |
| 7 | רְאוּ | reʾu | “see” | Qal imperative mp |
| 8 | הֵבִיא | heviʾ | “he has brought” | Hiphil perfect 3ms |
| 9 | לָנוּ | lanu | “to us” | Prep לְ + suff 1cp |
| 10 | אִישׁ | ʾish | “man” | N(ms) |
| 11 | עִבְרִי | ʿivri | “Hebrew” | Adj/Nationality ms |
| 12 | לְצַחֶק | letsaḥeq | “to mock” | Prep לְ + Piel infinitive construct |
| 13 | בָּנוּ | banu | “at us” | Prep בְּ + suff 1cp |
| 14 | בָּא | baʾ | “he came” | Qal perfect 3ms |
| 15 | אֵלַי | ʾelay | “to me” | Prep אֶל + suff 1cs |
| 16 | לִשְׁכַּב | lishkav | “to lie” | Prep לְ + Qal infinitive construct |
| 17 | עִמִּי | ʿimmi | “with me” | Prep עִם + suff 1cs |
| 18 | וָאֶקְרָא | va-ʾeqraʾ | “and I cried out” | Qal wayyiqtol 1cs |
| 19 | בְּקֹול | be-qol | “with a voice” | Prep בְּ + N(ms) |
| 20 | גָּדֹול | gadol | “loud/great” | Adj(ms) |
Morphology
- וַתִּקְרָא (va-tiqraʾ) – Root: קרא (q-r-ʾ); Root Type: III-Guttural; Binyan: Qal; Form: Conjunction וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “And she called”; Notes: Describes Potiphar’s wife summoning the household men in order to spread her accusation.
- לְאַנְשֵׁי (le-ʾanshe) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Root Type: I-Guttural; Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural construct, state: construct; Translation: “to the men of”; Notes: Refers to the male servants or members associated with the household.
- בֵיתָהּ (veytah) – Root: בית (bayit); Root Type: III-Yod; Form: Noun masculine singular construct, state: construct + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “her house”; Notes: Refers to the household over which she exercised authority as mistress.
- וַתֹּאמֶר (va-tomer) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Root Type: I-Guttural; Binyan: Qal; Form: Conjunction וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and she said”; Notes: Introduces her public accusation against Yosef.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: ל (le); Root Type: Particle; Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Refers to the assembled household men who become witnesses to her claim.
- לֵאמֹר (leʾmor) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Root Type: I-Guttural; Binyan: Qal; Form: Preposition לְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces the content of her speech.
- רְאוּ (reʾu) – Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h); Root Type: III-He / II-Guttural; Binyan: Qal; Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “See”; Notes: A forceful command calling attention to her accusation.
- הֵבִיא (heviʾ) – Root: בוא (b-v-ʾ); Root Type: Hollow / III-Guttural; Binyan: Hiphil; Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he has brought”; Notes: Refers to Potiphar allegedly bringing Yosef into the household.
- לָנוּ (lanu) – Root: ל (le); Root Type: Particle; Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 1st person common plural; Translation: “to us”; Notes: Includes the household collectively in the supposed offense.
- אִישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Root Type: I-Guttural; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “man”; Notes: Identifies Yosef as an individual male servant.
- עִבְרִי (ʿivri) – Root: עבר (ʿ-b-r); Root Type: I-Guttural; Form: Adjective / gentilic masculine singular; Translation: “Hebrew”; Notes: Ethnic designation emphasizing Yosef’s outsider status among Egyptians.
- לְצַחֶק (letsaḥeq) – Root: צחק (ts-ḥ-q); Root Type: II-Guttural; Binyan: Piel; Form: Preposition לְ + Piel infinitive construct; Translation: “to mock”; Notes: In this context carries the sense of abusive or sexually humiliating behavior.
- בָּנוּ (banu) – Root: ב (be); Root Type: Particle; Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 1st person common plural; Translation: “at us”; Notes: Expresses the alleged object of Yosef’s supposed mockery or offense.
- בָּא (baʾ) – Root: בוא (b-v-ʾ); Root Type: Hollow / III-Guttural; Binyan: Qal; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he came”; Notes: Used in her accusation to describe Yosef approaching her.
- אֵלַי (ʾelay) – Root: אל (ʾel); Root Type: Particle; Form: Preposition אֶל + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Indicates the claimed direction of Yosef’s approach toward her.
- לִשְׁכַּב (lishkav) – Root: שׁכב (sh-k-v); Root Type: III-Waw; Binyan: Qal; Form: Preposition לְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to lie”; Notes: Euphemistic expression referring to sexual relations.
- עִמִּי (ʿimmi) – Root: עם (ʿim); Root Type: I-Guttural; Form: Preposition עִם + suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “with me”; Notes: Completes the accusation of attempted sexual misconduct.
- וָאֶקְרָא (va-ʾeqraʾ) – Root: קרא (q-r-ʾ); Root Type: III-Guttural; Binyan: Qal; Form: Conjunction וָ + Qal wayyiqtol 1st person common singular; Translation: “and I cried out”; Notes: She portrays herself as resisting Yosef and calling for help.
- בְּקֹול (be-qol) – Root: קול (q-v-l); Root Type: Hollow; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “with a voice”; Notes: Refers to the sound of her cry.
- גָּדֹול (gadol) – Root: גדל (g-d-l); Root Type: Strong; Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “loud/great”; Notes: Modifies “voice,” emphasizing the intensity and volume of her cry.