Isaiah 1:29

כִּ֣י יֵבֹ֔שׁוּ מֵאֵילִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר חֲמַדְתֶּ֑ם וְתַ֨חְפְּר֔וּ מֵהַגַּנֹּ֖ות אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּחַרְתֶּֽם׃

For you shall be ashamed of the terebinths that you desired, and you shall be confounded because of the gardens that you have chosen.

Morphology

1. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason or consequence of prior statements.
2. יֵבֹשׁוּ (yevoshu) – Root: בושׁ; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall be ashamed”; Notes: Refers here to the people addressed (implicitly “you all”).
3. מֵאֵילִים (meʾelim) – Root: אֵלָה; Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine plural; Translation: “of the terebinths”; Notes: Large trees often associated with idolatrous worship.
4. אֲשֶׁר (asher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which” or “that”; Notes: Links the trees and the desire.
5. חֲמַדְתֶּם (ḥamadtam) – Root: חמד; Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you desired”; Notes: Conveys coveting or longing, often with sinful connotation.
6. וְתַחְפְּרוּ (ve-taḥperu) – Root: חפר; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural with vav conjunctive; Translation: “and you shall be confounded” or “disgraced”; Notes: Implies shame or humiliation.
7. מֵהַגַּנּוֹת (me-ha-gannot) – Root: גן; Form: Preposition מִן + noun feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “from the gardens”; Notes: Gardens often served as sites for idol worship or fertility rituals.
8. אֲשֶׁר (asher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause modifying “gardens.”
9. בְּחַרְתֶּם (beḥartem) – Root: בחר; Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you have chosen”; Notes: Indicates active choice, here of idolatrous places over YHWH.