כֹּ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה עֹוד֮ יִשָּׁמַ֣ע בַּמָּקֹום־הַזֶּה֒ אֲשֶׁר֙ אַתֶּ֣ם אֹֽמְרִ֔ים חָרֵ֣ב ה֔וּא מֵאֵ֥ין אָדָ֖ם וּמֵאֵ֣ין בְּהֵמָ֑ה בְּעָרֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ וּבְחֻצֹ֣ות יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם הַֽנְשַׁמֹּ֗ות מֵאֵ֥ין אָדָ֛ם וּמֵאֵ֥ין יֹושֵׁ֖ב וּמֵאֵ֥ין בְּהֵמָֽה׃
Thus said YHWH: ‘Yet again shall be heard in this place, of which you say, “It is desolate, without man and without beast,” in the cities of Yehuda and in the streets of Yerushalayim that are desolate, without man, and without inhabitant, and without beast,
Morphology
- כֹּ֣ה (koh) – Root: כה (koh); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introduces a prophetic message.
- אָמַ֣ר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as the speaker.
- יְהוָ֗ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hwh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- עֹוד (ʿod) – Root: עוד (ʿod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “yet again”; Notes: Signals future repetition of something that had ceased.
- יִשָּׁמַ֣ע (yishamaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall be heard”; Notes: Nifal passive stem denotes the action being received.
- בַּמָּקֹום־הַזֶּה (ba-maqom ha-zeh) – Root: מקום (maqom) & זה (zeh); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular + demonstrative masculine singular; Translation: “in this place”; Notes: Refers specifically to the land that had been laid waste.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative particle; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause describing the place.
- אַתֶּם (atem) – Root: אתם (atem); Form: Independent pronoun 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you”; Notes: Addressing the people of Yehudah.
- אֹֽמְרִים (ʾomrim) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “are saying”; Notes: Ongoing or repeated speech.
- חָרֵ֣ב (ḥarev) – Root: חרב (ḥarav); Form: Qal adjective or passive participle masculine singular; Translation: “desolate”; Notes: Emphasizes devastation and emptiness.
- ה֔וּא (hu) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Independent pronoun 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers to the place in question.
- מֵאֵ֥ין אָדָ֖ם (me-ʾein adam) – Root: אין (ʾein) + אדם (adam); Form: Preposition מִן + negative existential + noun masculine singular; Translation: “without man”; Notes: Emphasizes depopulation.
- וּמֵאֵ֣ין בְּהֵמָ֑ה (u-meʾein behemah) – Root: אין (ʾein) + בהמה (behemah); Form: Conjunction + preposition + negative existential + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and without beast”; Notes: Total absence of life.
- בְּעָרֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ (be-ʿarei Yehudah) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Preposition + construct plural feminine + proper noun; Translation: “in the cities of Yehudah”; Notes: Specific reference to the southern kingdom.
- וּבְחֻצֹ֣ות יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם (u-ve-ḥutsot Yerushalayim) – Root: חוץ (ḥuts); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine plural construct + proper noun; Translation: “and in the streets of Yerushalayim”; Notes: Urban spaces also depopulated.
- הַֽנְשַׁמֹּ֗ות (ha-nshamot) – Root: שׁמם (shamam); Form: Nifal participle feminine plural with article; Translation: “that are desolate”; Notes: Passive form; places rendered lifeless.
- מֵאֵ֥ין אָדָ֛ם (meʾein adam) – Root: אין (ʾein) + אדם (adam); Form: Preposition + negative existential + noun; Translation: “without man”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
- וּמֵאֵ֥ין יֹושֵׁ֖ב (u-meʾein yoshev) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Conjunction + preposition + negative existential + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “and without inhabitant”; Notes: No one dwelling or residing.
- וּמֵאֵ֥ין בְּהֵמָֽה (u-meʾein behemah) – Root: בהמה (behemah); Form: Conjunction + preposition + negative existential + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and without beast”; Notes: Reiterated to emphasize total desolation.