כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאֹות֒ עֹ֞וד יִֽהְיֶ֣ה בַּמָּקֹ֣ום הַזֶּ֗ה הֶחָרֵ֛ב מֵֽאֵין־אָדָ֥ם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֖ה וּבְכָל־עָרָ֑יו נְוֵ֣ה רֹעִ֔ים מַרְבִּצִ֖ים צֹֽאן׃
Thus said YHWH of Hosts: ‘Yet again there shall be in this place, which is desolate without man and even without beast, and in all its cities, a habitation of shepherds causing flocks to lie down.
Morphology
- כֹּֽה־ (koh) – Root: כה (koh); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introduces a prophetic declaration.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as the speaker.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hwh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsavaʾ); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “of Hosts”; Notes: Military title expressing divine sovereignty.
- עֹוד (ʿod) – Root: עוד (ʿod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Yet again”; Notes: Introduces a future reversal or restoration.
- יִֽהְיֶ֣ה (yihyeh) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “there shall be”; Notes: Predicts future condition.
- בַּמָּקֹ֣ום (ba-maqom) – Root: מקום (maqom); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the place”; Notes: Refers to the specific land undergoing restoration.
- הַזֶּ֗ה (hazzeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Modifies *maqom* (place).
- הֶחָרֵ֛ב (heḥarev) – Root: חרב (ḥarav); Form: Nifal participle masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “which is desolate”; Notes: Passive sense describing ruined condition.
- מֵֽאֵין־אָדָ֥ם (meʾein adam) – Root: אין (ʾein) + אדם (adam); Form: Preposition + negative particle + noun masculine singular; Translation: “without man”; Notes: Denotes absence of human habitation.
- וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֖ה (ve-ʿad behemah) – Root: בהמה (behemah); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and even without beast”; Notes: Emphasizes total desolation including animal life.
- וּבְכָל־עָרָ֑יו (u-ve-kol ʿarav) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun construct plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and in all its cities”; Notes: Refers to the surrounding urban areas of the land.
- נְוֵ֣ה (neveh) – Root: נוה (navah); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “habitation of”; Notes: A pasture, dwelling, or resting place.
- רֹעִ֔ים (roʿim) – Root: רעה (raʿah); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “shepherds”; Notes: The ones residing and leading flocks, representing restored livelihood.
- מַרְבִּצִ֖ים (marbitsim) – Root: רבץ (ravatṣ); Form: Hiphil participle masculine plural; Translation: “causing to lie down”; Notes: Hiphil causative—indicates peace and safety for livestock.
- צֹֽאן (tsoʾn) – Root: צאן (tsoʾn); Form: Noun common collective feminine; Translation: “flock” or “sheep”; Notes: Represents pastoral prosperity.