עֶרְוַ֥ת אִשָּׁ֛ה וּבִתָּ֖הּ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אֶֽת־בַּת־בְּנָ֞הּ וְאֶת־בַּת־בִּתָּ֗הּ לֹ֤א תִקַּח֙ לְגַלֹּ֣ות עֶרְוָתָ֔הּ שַׁאֲרָ֥ה הֵ֖נָּה זִמָּ֥ה הִֽוא
You shall not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her daughter; you shall not take her son’s daughter or her daughter’s daughter to uncover her nakedness; they are her close relatives; it is depravity.
Morphology
- עֶרְוַ֥ת (ervat) – Root: ערה (ʿ-r-h); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “The nakedness of”; Notes: Indicates intimacy or indecency.
- אִשָּׁ֛ה (ishah) – Root: אשה (ʾ-sh-h); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “A woman”; Notes: Refers to a female individual.
- וּבִתָּ֖הּ (u-vitah) – Root: בת (b-t); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “And her daughter”; Notes: Refers to the woman’s direct offspring.
- לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה (lo tegalleh) – Root: גלה (g-l-h); Form: Negative particle + Piel imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You shall not uncover”; Notes: Prohibits exposure or relations.
- אֶֽת־בַּת־בְּנָ֞הּ (et-bat-benah) – Root: בת (b-t) + בן (b-n); Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine singular construct + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “Her son’s daughter”; Notes: Specifies the woman’s granddaughter.
- וְאֶת־בַּת־בִּתָּ֗הּ (ve-et-bat-bitah) – Root: בת (b-t); Form: Conjunction + direct object marker + noun feminine singular construct + noun feminine singular construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “And her daughter’s daughter”; Notes: Specifies another granddaughter.
- לֹ֤א תִקַּח֙ (lo tikakh) – Root: לקח (l-q-ḥ); Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You shall not take”; Notes: Prohibits marrying or taking in marriage.
- לְגַלֹּ֣ות (le-gallot) – Root: גלה (g-l-h); Form: Preposition + Piel infinitive construct; Translation: “To uncover”; Notes: Infinitive expressing purpose.
- עֶרְוָתָ֔הּ (ervatah) – Root: ערה (ʿ-r-h); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “Her nakedness”; Notes: Refers to intimate relations.
- שַׁאֲרָ֥ה (sha’arah) – Root: שאר (sh-ʾ-r); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “Her close relative”; Notes: Indicates familial closeness.
- הֵ֖נָּה (henah) – Root: הנה (h-n-h); Form: Pronoun feminine plural; Translation: “They are”; Notes: Refers to the individuals mentioned.
- זִמָּ֥ה (zimmah) – Root: זמה (z-m-h); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “Depravity”; Notes: Refers to moral corruption or disgraceful conduct.
- הִֽוא (hi) – Root: היא (h-y-ʾ); Form: Pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “It is”; Notes: Confirms the nature of the act.