וְאִם־לֹא֩ תַשִּׂ֨יג יָדֹ֜ו לִשְׁתֵּ֣י תֹרִ֗ים אֹו֮ לִשְׁנֵ֣י בְנֵי־יֹונָה֒ וְהֵבִ֨יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנֹ֜ו אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֗א עֲשִׂירִ֧ת הָאֵפָ֛ה סֹ֖לֶת לְחַטָּ֑את לֹא־יָשִׂ֨ים עָלֶ֜יהָ שֶׁ֗מֶן וְלֹא־יִתֵּ֤ן עָלֶ֨יהָ֙ לְבֹנָ֔ה כִּ֥י חַטָּ֖את הִֽיא׃
And if his hand cannot afford two turtledoves or two young pigeons, he shall bring as his offering for the sin he has committed a tenth of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering. He shall not put oil on it nor place frankincense on it, for it is a sin offering.
Morphology
- וְאִם־לֹא֩ (ve’im-lo) – Root: לא (l-ʾ); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “And if not”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause.
- תַשִּׂ֨יג (tasig) – Root: נשׂג (n-s-g); Form: Verb, Hiphil, imperfect, 3fs; Translation: “Can afford”; Notes: Describes the ability to provide the offering.
- יָדֹ֜ו (yado) – Root: יד (y-d); Form: Noun, fs with 3ms suffix; Translation: “His hand”; Notes: Symbolic of financial means.
- לִשְׁתֵּ֣י (lishtei) – Root: שׁתים (sh-t-y-m); Form: Preposition + numeral, dual construct; Translation: “For two”; Notes: Refers to the number of birds.
- תֹרִ֗ים (torim) – Root: תּור (t-w-r); Form: Noun, mp; Translation: “Turtledoves”; Notes: One of the types of birds used for offerings.
- אֹו֮ (o) – Root: N/A; Form: Disjunctive particle; Translation: “Or”; Notes: Indicates an alternative option.
- לִשְׁנֵ֣י (lishnei) – Root: שׁנים (sh-n-y-m); Form: Preposition + numeral, dual construct; Translation: “For two”; Notes: Refers to the number of young pigeons.
- בְנֵי־יֹונָה֒ (bene-yonah) – Root: בן (b-n) + יונה (y-w-n-h); Form: Construct phrase, mp + noun; Translation: “Young pigeons”; Notes: Another acceptable bird for the offering.
- וְהֵבִ֨יא (vehevi) – Root: בוא (b-w-ʾ); Form: Verb, Hiphil, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “He shall bring”; Notes: Command to present the offering.
- אֶת־קָרְבָּנֹ֜ו (et-korbano) – Root: קרב (q-r-b); Form: Direct object marker + noun, ms with 3ms suffix; Translation: “His offering”; Notes: Refers to the gift presented to YHWH.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: N/A; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “That”; Notes: Connects the clause to the preceding noun.
- חָטָ֗א (chata) – Root: חטא (ḥ-t-ʾ); Form: Verb, Qal, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “He has sinned”; Notes: Describes the transgression requiring atonement.
- עֲשִׂירִ֧ת (asirith) – Root: עשר (ʿ-sh-r); Form: Noun, fs construct; Translation: “A tenth”; Notes: Refers to a tenth measure of an ephah.
- הָאֵפָ֛ה (ha’eifah) – Root: איפה (ʾ-y-p-h); Form: Noun, fs with definite article; Translation: “Of an ephah”; Notes: A biblical unit of dry measure.
- סֹ֖לֶת (solet) – Root: סלת (s-l-t); Form: Noun, fs; Translation: “Fine flour”; Notes: The main ingredient for the offering.
- לְחַטָּ֑את (leḥattat) – Root: חטא (ḥ-t-ʾ); Form: Preposition + noun, fs; Translation: “For a sin offering”; Notes: Specifies the purpose of the offering.
- לֹא־יָשִׂ֨ים (lo-yasim) – Root: שים (sh-y-m); Form: Negative particle + verb, Qal, imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “He shall not put”; Notes: Prohibition regarding oil on the offering.
- עָלֶ֜יהָ (aleha) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Preposition + 3fs suffix; Translation: “On it”; Notes: Refers to the fine flour.
- שֶׁ֗מֶן (shemen) – Root: שמן (sh-m-n); Form: Noun, ms; Translation: “Oil”; Notes: Prohibited addition for this type of offering.
- וְלֹא־יִתֵּ֤ן (velo-yitten) – Root: נתן (n-t-n); Form: Negative particle + verb, Qal, imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “Nor shall he place”; Notes: Adds to the prohibition regarding additions to the offering.
- עָלֶ֨יהָ֙ (aleha) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Preposition + 3fs suffix; Translation: “On it”; Notes: Refers again to the fine flour.
- לְבֹנָ֔ה (levonah) – Root: לבן (l-b-n); Form: Noun, fs; Translation: “Frankincense”; Notes: A fragrant addition prohibited in sin offerings.
- כִּ֥י (ki) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Provides the reasoning for the prohibition.
- חַטָּ֖את (ḥattat) – Root: חטא (ḥ-t-ʾ); Form: Noun, fs; Translation: “A sin offering”; Notes: Indicates the nature of the offering.
- הִֽיא (hi) – Root: N/A; Form: Pronoun, 3fs; Translation: “It is”; Notes: Identifies the offering as a sin offering.