וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע הַכְּנַעֲנִ֤י מֶֽלֶךְ־עֲרָד֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב הַנֶּ֔גֶב כִּ֚י בָּ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל דֶּ֖רֶךְ הָאֲתָרִ֑ים וַיִּלָּ֨חֶם֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּ֥שְׁבְּ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ שֶֽׁבִי׃
And the Kena’ani, king of Arad, who lived in the Negev, heard that Yisra’el was coming by the way of Atarim. He fought against Yisra’el and took some of them captive.
Morphology
- וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע (vayyishma) – Root: שׁמע (shama); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And he heard”; Notes: Refers to the king of Arad hearing about Yisra’el’s approach.
- הַכְּנַעֲנִ֤י (hakena’ani) – Root: כנען (kena’an); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the Kena’ani”; Notes: Refers to the Canaanite king.
- מֶֽלֶךְ־עֲרָד֙ (melech-Arad) – Root: מלך (melech) and ערד (Arad); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “king of Arad”; Notes: Refers to the ruler of the city of Arad.
- יֹשֵׁ֣ב (yoshev) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “who lived”; Notes: Describes the king’s residence in the Negev.
- הַנֶּ֔גֶב (hanegev) – Root: נגב (negev); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the Negev”; Notes: Refers to the southern region of Yisra’el.
- כִּ֚י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the king’s action.
- בָּ֣א (ba) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “was coming”; Notes: Refers to Yisra’el’s approach.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (Yisra’el) – Root: שׂרה (sarah); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Yisra’el.
- דֶּ֖רֶךְ (derekh) – Root: דרך (derekh); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “by the way of”; Notes: Refers to the route Yisra’el was taking.
- הָאֲתָרִ֑ים (ha’atarim) – Root: אתר (atar); Form: Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “Atarim”; Notes: Refers to a specific route or region.
- וַיִּלָּ֨חֶם֙ (vayyillachem) – Root: לחם (lacham); Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And he fought”; Notes: Refers to the king of Arad engaging in battle.
- בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (beYisra’el) – Root: שׂרה (sarah); Form: Preposition with proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “against Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the battle with the nation of Yisra’el.
- וַיִּ֥שְׁבְּ (vayyishb) – Root: שׁבה (shavah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and he took captive”; Notes: Refers to taking prisoners from Yisra’el.
- מִמֶּ֖נּוּ (mimmennu) – Root: מן (min); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from them”; Notes: Refers to captives taken from Yisra’el.
- שֶֽׁבִי׃ (shevi) – Root: שׁבה (shavah); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “captives”; Notes: Indicates those taken in battle.