וּבִשְׁנַת֙ שְׁמֹנֶ֣ה עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֑ט מָלַ֥ךְ אֲבִיָּ֖ם עַל־יְהוּדָֽה׃
And in the eighteenth year of King Yarovʿam son of Nevaṭ, Aviyyam reigned over Yehuda.
Morphology
- וּבִשְׁנַת֙ (u-vi-shenat) – Root: שׁנה; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “and in the year of”; Notes: Introduces a chronological marker.
- שְׁמֹנֶ֣ה (shemōneh) – Root: שׁמנה; Form: Numeral; Translation: “eight”; Notes: First component of the ordinal “eighteen.”
- עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה (ʿesrēh) – Root: עשר; Form: Numeral; Translation: “ten”; Notes: Completes the number “eighteen.”
- לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ (la-melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “of the king”; Notes: Indicates to whom the reign-year refers.
- יָרָבְעָ֣ם (Yarovʿam) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Yarovʿam”; Notes: King of the northern kingdom, Yisraʾel.
- בֶּן־נְבָ֑ט (ben-Nevaṭ) – Root: בן, נבט; Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “son of Nevaṭ”; Notes: Patronymic identification.
- מָלַ֥ךְ (mālakh) – Root: מלך; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “reigned”; Notes: Marks the beginning of Aviyam’s reign.
- אֲבִיָּ֖ם (Aviyām) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Aviyam”; Notes: Successor of Reḥavʿam, king of Yehudah.
- עַל־יְהוּדָֽה (ʿal-Yehudah) – Root: על, יהודה; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “over Yehudah”; Notes: Denotes the kingdom Aviyam ruled.