2 Samuel 2:22

וַיֹּ֧סֶף עֹ֣וד אַבְנֵ֗ר לֵאמֹר֙ אֶל־עֲשָׂהאֵ֔ל ס֥וּר לְךָ֖ מֵאַֽחֲרָ֑י לָ֤מָּה אַכֶּ֨כָּה֙ אַ֔רְצָה וְאֵיךְ֙ אֶשָּׂ֣א פָנַ֔י אֶל־יֹואָ֖ב אָחִֽיךָ׃

And ʾAvner continued again to say to ʿAsahel, “Turn aside for yourself from following me. Why should I strike you to the ground? And how could I lift up my face to Yoʾav your brother?”

Morphology

1. וַיֹּ֧סֶף (vayyosef) – Root: יסף (yasaf); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he continued”; Notes: Indicates repeated or additional speech/action.
2. עֹ֣וד (ʿod) – Root: עוד (ʿod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “again”; Notes: Reinforces repetition.
3. אַבְנֵ֗ר (ʾAvner) – Root: אבנר (ʾAvner); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “ʾAvner”; Notes: Subject of the repeated speech.
4. לֵאמֹר֙ (leʾemor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to say”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
5. אֶל־עֲשָׂהאֵ֔ל (el-ʿAsahel) – Root: עשׂהל (ʿAsahel); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to ʿAsahel”; Notes: Recipient of speech.
6. ס֥וּר (sur) – Root: סור (sur); Form: Qal imperative masculine singular; Translation: “Turn aside”; Notes: Urgent plea to retreat.
7. לְךָ֖ (lekha) – Root: ל (le) + אתה (ʾattah); Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “for yourself”; Notes: Reflexive expression.
8. מֵאַֽחֲרָ֑י (me-aḥarai) – Root: אחר (ʾaḥar); Form: Preposition + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “from after me”; Notes: Indicates pursuit direction.
9. לָ֤מָּה (lammah) – Root: מה (mah); Form: Interrogative particle with prefixed preposition; Translation: “Why”; Notes: Introduces rhetorical question.
10. אַקֶּ֨כָּה (akkehkha) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Hifil imperfect 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “should I strike you”; Notes: Indicates reluctance.
11. אַ֔רְצָה (ʾartzah) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Noun, feminine singular with directional he (he locale); Translation: “to the ground”; Notes: Emphasizes lethal result.
12. וְאֵיךְ֙ (veʾeikh) – Root: איך (ʾeikh); Form: Interrogative adverb; Translation: “And how”; Notes: Begins question of moral concern.
13. אֶשָּׂ֣א (essa) – Root: נשא (nasa); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “could I lift up”; Notes: Expresses capability or propriety.
14. פָנַ֔י (panai) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Noun, plural of respect + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my face”; Notes: Idiom for facing someone honorably.
15. אֶל־יֹואָ֖ב (el-Yoʾav) – Root: יואב (Yoʾav); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to Yoʾav”; Notes: Refers to ʿAsahel’s brother and military leader.
16. אָחִֽיךָ׃ (ʾakhiḵa) – Root: אח (ʾaḥ); Form: Noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your brother”; Notes: Highlights the relational and emotional tension.