2 Samuel 8:12

מֵאֲרָ֤ם וּמִמֹּואָב֙ וּמִבְּנֵ֣י עַמֹּ֔ון וּמִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וּמֵֽעֲמָלֵ֑ק וּמִשְּׁלַ֛ל הֲדַדְעֶ֥זֶר בֶּן־רְחֹ֖ב מֶ֥לֶךְ צֹובָֽה׃

From Aram, and from Moʾav, and from the sons of ʿAmmon, and from the Pelishtim, and from ʿAmaleq, and from the spoil of Hadadʿezer son of Reḥov, king of Tsova.

Morphology

1. מֵאֲרָ֤ם (me-ʾAram) – Root: ארם (ʾAram); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “from Aram”; Notes: Aram refers to the region of Syria.
2. וּמִמֹּואָב֙ (u-mi-Moʾav) – Root: מואב (Moʾav); Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper noun; Translation: “and from Moʾav”; Notes: Moʾav, a neighboring kingdom east of the Dead Sea.
3. וּמִבְּנֵ֣י עַמֹּ֔ון (u-mi-bene ʿAmmon) – Root: בן (ben), עמון (ʿAmmon); Form: Conjunction + preposition + construct phrase; Translation: “and from the sons of ʿAmmon”; Notes: Refers to the nation of ʿAmmon, east of Yarden (Jordan).
4. וּמִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים (u-mi-Pelishtim) – Root: פלשת (Peleshet); Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper noun (gentilic); Translation: “and from the Pelishtim”; Notes: Coastal people, traditional enemies of Yisraʾel.
5. וּמֵֽעֲמָלֵ֑ק (u-me-ʿAmaleq) – Root: עמלק (ʿAmaleq); Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper noun; Translation: “and from ʿAmaleq”; Notes: Another perennial enemy of Yisraʾel.
6. וּמִשְּׁלַ֛ל (u-mi-shellal) – Root: שלל (shallal); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and from the spoil”; Notes: Refers to plunder taken in war.
7. הֲדַדְעֶ֥זֶר (Hadadʿezer) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Hadadʿezer”; Notes: A foreign king defeated by Dawid.
8. בֶּן־רְחֹ֖ב (ben-Reḥov) – Root: בן (ben), רחב (Reḥov); Form: Construct chain; Translation: “son of Reḥov”; Notes: Genealogical detail for Hadadʿezer.
9. מֶ֥לֶךְ צֹובָֽה (melekh Tsovah) – Root: מלך (melekh), צובה (Tsovah); Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “king of Tsovah”; Notes: Tsovah was a Syrian-Aramean kingdom in the north.