חַי־אָ֕נִי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה אִם־֠לֹא בְּיָ֨ד חֲזָקָ֜ה וּבִזְרֹ֧ועַ נְטוּיָ֛ה וּבְחֵמָ֥ה שְׁפוּכָ֖ה אֶמְלֹ֥וךְ עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃
“As I live,” declares the Lord YHWH, “surely with a strong hand and with an outstretched arm and with poured out fury I will reign over you.
Morphology
- חַי (ḥay) – Root: חי; Form: Adjective masculine singular construct; Translation: “living”; Notes: Used in divine oath formula “as I live.”
- אָנִי (ʾani) – Form: Independent pronoun 1cs; Translation: “I”; Notes: The speaker is YHWH.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “declaration”; Notes: Standard prophetic formula.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonai) – Root: אדן; Form: Noun plural of majesty; Translation: “Lord”; Notes: Title of divine authority.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun, Tetragrammaton; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of Israel’s God.
- אִם־לֹא (ʾim-lo) – Form: Conditional particle + negation; Translation: “surely”; Notes: Used idiomatically in oaths, emphasizing certainty.
- בְּיָד (be-yad) – Root: יד; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “with a hand”; Notes: Instrumental phrase.
- חֲזָקָה (ḥazaqah) – Root: חזק; Form: Adjective feminine singular; Translation: “strong”; Notes: Modifies “hand.”
- וּבִזְרֹועַ (u-vi-zeroaʿ) – Root: זרוע; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and with an arm”; Notes: Parallel to “hand.”
- נְטוּיָה (netuyah) – Root: נטה; Form: Qal passive participle feminine singular; Translation: “outstretched”; Notes: Describes the arm extended in power.
- וּבְחֵמָה (u-ve-ḥemah) – Root: חמה; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and with fury”; Notes: Instrument of divine judgment.
- שְׁפוּכָה (shefukhah) – Root: שׁפך; Form: Qal passive participle feminine singular; Translation: “poured out”; Notes: Indicates intensity of wrath.
- אֶמְלֹוךְ (ʾemlokh) – Root: מלך; Form: Qal imperfect 1cs; Translation: “I will reign”; Notes: Expresses YHWH’s absolute kingship.
- עֲלֵיכֶם (ʿaleikhem) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 2mp suffix; Translation: “over you”; Notes: Refers to the house of Yisraʾel.