וְֽיָרְד֞וּ מֵעַ֣ל כִּסְאֹותָ֗ם כֹּ֚ל נְשִׂיאֵ֣י הַיָּ֔ם וְהֵסִ֨ירוּ֙ אֶת־מְעִ֣ילֵיהֶ֔ם וְאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י רִקְמָתָ֖ם יִפְשֹׁ֑טוּ חֲרָדֹ֤ות יִלְבָּ֨שׁוּ֙ עַל־הָאָ֣רֶץ יֵשֵׁ֔בוּ וְחָֽרְדוּ֙ לִרְגָעִ֔ים וְשָׁמְמ֖וּ עָלָֽיִךְ׃
And all the princes of the sea shall come down from upon their thrones, and they shall remove their cloaks, and their embroidered garments they shall strip off; tremblings they shall put on, upon the ground they shall sit, and they shall tremble moments, and they shall be appalled at you.
Morphology
- וְיָרְדוּ (ve-yardu) – Root: ירד (yarad); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person plural (prophetic/future sense); Translation: “and they shall come down”; Notes: Describes rulers descending in humiliation.
- מֵעַל (me-ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition מִן + preposition עַל; Translation: “from upon”; Notes: Indicates removal or descent from a position of authority.
- כִּסְאֹותָם (kisʾotam) – Root: כסא (kisseʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their thrones”; Notes: Symbol of royal authority and rule.
- כֹּל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all”; Notes: Introduces the collective subject “all princes.”
- נְשִׂיאֵי (nesiʾei) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “princes of”; Notes: Denotes rulers or leaders, literally “those lifted up.”
- הַיָּם (ha-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the sea”; Notes: Refers to maritime rulers or coastal princes.
- וְהֵסִירוּ (ve-hesiru) – Root: סור (sur); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “and they shall remove”; Notes: Causative, indicating deliberate removal of garments.
- אֶת־מְעִילֵיהֶם (et-meʿilehem) – Root: מעיל (meʿil); Form: Direct object marker + noun masculine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their cloaks”; Notes: Outer garments of nobility.
- וְאֶת־בִּגְדֵי (ve-et-bigdei) – Root: בגד (beged); Form: Conjunction + direct object marker + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “and the garments of”; Notes: Emphasizes clothing as symbol of status.
- רִקְמָתָם (rikmatam) – Root: רקם (raqam); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their embroidery”; Notes: Richly decorated clothing, showing wealth.
- יִפְשֹׁטוּ (yifshotu) – Root: פשט (pashat); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they shall strip off”; Notes: Used for removing garments, symbolic of loss of dignity.
- חֲרָדֹות (ḥaradot) – Root: חרד (ḥarad); Form: Noun feminine plural absolute; Translation: “tremblings”; Notes: Symbolic of fear and terror worn like clothing.
- יִלְבָּשׁוּ (yilbashu) – Root: לבשׁ (lavash); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they shall put on”; Notes: Metaphor for taking on a state of fear.
- עַל־הָאָרֶץ (ʿal-ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Preposition עַל + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “upon the ground”; Notes: Symbol of humiliation, sitting on the earth.
- יֵשֵׁבוּ (yeshevu) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they shall sit”; Notes: Gesture of mourning or shame.
- וְחָרְדוּ (ve-ḥaradu) – Root: חרד (ḥarad); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person plural (future sense); Translation: “and they shall tremble”; Notes: Reflects great dread before judgment.
- לִרְגָעִים (li-rgaʿim) – Root: רגע (regaʿ); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “moments”; Notes: Suggests trembling repeatedly or in intervals.
- וְשָׁמְמוּ (ve-shamemu) – Root: שׁמם (shamam); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person plural (future sense); Translation: “and they shall be appalled”; Notes: Denotes being horrified or devastated at the sight.
- עָלָיִךְ (ʿalayikh) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “at you”; Notes: The addressee is Tyre, portrayed as feminine.