וְנָשְׂא֨וּ עָלַ֤יִךְ קִינָה֙ וְאָ֣מְרוּ לָ֔ךְ אֵ֣יךְ אָבַ֔דְתְּ נֹושֶׁ֖בֶת מִיַּמִּ֑ים הָעִ֣יר הַהֻלָּ֗לָה אֲשֶׁר֩ הָיְתָ֨ה חֲזָקָ֤ה בַיָּם֙ הִ֣יא וְיֹשְׁבֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁר־נָתְנ֥וּ חִתִּיתָ֖ם לְכָל־יֹושְׁבֶֽיהָ׃
And they shall lift up a lamentation over you and shall say to you, “How you have perished, you who dwelt from the seas, the city that was praised, that was strong in the sea, she and her inhabitants, who put their terror on all her inhabitants.
Morphology
- וְנָשְׂאוּ (ve-nasʾu) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “and they shall lift up”; Notes: Used here of raising a lamentation.
- עָלַיִךְ (ʿalayikh) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “over you”; Notes: Addressing Tyre in feminine form.
- קִינָה (qinah) – Root: קונ (qinah); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “lamentation”; Notes: Refers to a funeral dirge or lament for the dead.
- וְאָמְרוּ (ve-amru) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “and they shall say”; Notes: Continues the lament ritual verbally.
- לָךְ (lakh) – Root: ל; Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Direct address to Tyre.
- אֵיךְ (ʾeikh) – Root: —; Form: Interrogative adverb; Translation: “How”; Notes: Introduces astonishment or lament.
- אָבַדְתְּ (avadet) – Root: אבד (avad); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you have perished”; Notes: Addressed directly to the city.
- נֹושֶׁבֶת (noshevet) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal participle feminine singular; Translation: “you who dwelt”; Notes: Continuous dwelling, here of Tyre.
- מִיַּמִּים (mi-yammim) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine plural; Translation: “from the seas”; Notes: Refers to Tyre’s maritime identity.
- הָעִיר (ha-ʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the city”; Notes: The subject of lament, Tyre as city.
- הַהֻלָּלָה (ha-hullalah) – Root: הלל (halal); Form: Pual participle feminine singular definite; Translation: “that was praised”; Notes: Passive participle emphasizing reputation.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that/which”; Notes: Introduces relative clause.
- הָיְתָה (hayetah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “was”; Notes: Past tense marking former status.
- חֲזָקָה (ḥazaqah) – Root: חזק (ḥazaq); Form: Adjective feminine singular; Translation: “strong”; Notes: Refers to fortified strength.
- בַּיָּם (ba-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the sea”; Notes: Geographic setting of Tyre as island city.
- הִיא (hi) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “she”; Notes: Emphasizes subject (Tyre as feminine city).
- וְיֹשְׁבֶיהָ (ve-yoshveha) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal participle masculine plural + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and her inhabitants”; Notes: Depicts those dwelling in Tyre.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces subordinate clause.
- נָתְנוּ (natenu) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they put”; Notes: Refers to instilling fear or terror.
- חִתִּיתָם (ḥittitam) – Root: חתת (ḥatat); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their terror”; Notes: Psychological dominance over others.
- לְכָל־יֹשְׁבֶיהָ (le-khol-yoshveha) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular construct “all” + participle masculine plural + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “on all her inhabitants”; Notes: Widespread fear instilled among maritime peoples.