כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה יַ֣עַן הִשָּׁפֵ֤ךְ נְחֻשְׁתֵּךְ֙ וַתִּגָּלֶ֣ה עֶרְוָתֵ֔ךְ בְּתַזְנוּתַ֖יִךְ עַל־מְאַהֲבָ֑יִךְ וְעַל֙ כָּל־גִּלּוּלֵ֣י תֹועֲבֹותַ֔יִךְ וְכִדְמֵ֣י בָנַ֔יִךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תְּ לָהֶֽם׃
Thus says the Lord YHWH: “Because your bronze was poured out and your nakedness was uncovered in your prostitutions upon your lovers, and upon all the idols of your abominations, and by the blood of your sons whom you gave to them.
Morphology
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: —; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Formula introducing prophetic declaration.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Prophetic speech formula, timeless present.
- אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) – Root: אדן; Form: Noun, plural of majesty with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: Reverential title for YHWH.
- יְהֹוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, covenant name of Israel’s God.
- יַעַן (yaʿan) – Root: —; Form: Causal particle; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces causal explanation.
- הִשָּׁפֵךְ (hishafekh) – Root: שׁפך; Form: Niphal infinitive construct; Translation: “was poured out”; Notes: Refers to something spilled or wasted, here “bronze.”
- נְחֻשְׁתֵּךְ (neḥushtekh) – Root: נחשת (neḥoshet); Form: Noun feminine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your bronze”; Notes: May symbolize strength, value, or adornment.
- וַתִּגָּלֶה (va-tiggaleh) – Root: גלה; Form: Niphal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and was uncovered”; Notes: Passive; refers to shameful exposure.
- עֶרְוָתֵךְ (ʿervatek) – Root: ערוה; Form: Noun feminine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your nakedness”; Notes: Symbol of shame, dishonor, or sexual exposure.
- בְּתַזְנוּתַיִךְ (be-taznutayikh) – Root: זנה; Form: Preposition בְּ + abstract noun feminine plural with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “in your prostitutions”; Notes: Abstract plural intensifies repeated activity.
- עַל־מְאַהֲבָיִךְ (ʿal-meʾahavayikh) – Root: אהב; Form: Preposition עַל + Qal participle masculine plural with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “upon your lovers”; Notes: Target of illicit relations.
- וְעַל (ve-ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Conjunction + preposition; Translation: “and upon”; Notes: Adds another object of activity.
- כָּל־גִּלּוּלֵי (kol-gillulei) – Root: גלל; Form: Noun masculine plural in construct with כָּל; Translation: “all the idols of”; Notes: Derogatory term for idols, implying worthlessness.
- תֹועֲבֹותַיִךְ (toʿavotayikh) – Root: תועבה; Form: Noun feminine plural with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your abominations”; Notes: Refers to idolatrous practices detestable to YHWH.
- וְכִדְמֵי (ve-khidmei) – Root: דם (dam); Form: Conjunction + preposition כְּ + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “and by the blood of”; Notes: Refers to violent acts involving children.
- בָנַיִךְ (banayikh) – Root: בן; Form: Noun masculine plural with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your sons”; Notes: Refers to children sacrificed in idolatrous rites.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “whom”; Notes: Introduces relative clause.
- נָתַתְּ (natat) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal perfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you gave”; Notes: Refers to handing over the children to idols.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: ל (preposition); Form: Preposition לְ + third person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Refers to the idols or deities receiving the children.