Ezekiel 32:26

שָׁ֣ם מֶ֤שֶׁךְ תֻּבַל֙ וְכָל־הֲמֹונָ֔הּ סְבִֽיבֹותָ֖יו קִבְרֹותֶ֑יהָ כֻּלָּ֤ם עֲרֵלִים֙ מְחֻ֣לְלֵי חֶ֔רֶב כִּֽי־נָתְנ֥וּ חִתִּיתָ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ חַיִּֽים׃

There are Meshekh and Tuval and all her multitude; around him are her graves, all of them uncircumcised, pierced by the sword, for they caused their terror in the land of the living.

Morphology

1. שָׁם (sham) – Root: שם (sham); Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Locative adverb introducing another nation’s presence among the dead in Sheol.
2. מֶשֶׁךְ (Meshekh) – Root: משך (Meshekh); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Meshekh”; Notes: A nation in the far north, often associated with Tuval, representing powerful but fallen peoples.
3. תֻּבַל (Tuval) – Root: תבל (Tuval); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Tuval”; Notes: Another northern nation; the pairing “Meshekh and Tuval” frequently denotes distant warrior tribes.
4. וְכָל־ (ve-khol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and all of”; Notes: Links the nations with their associated multitudes.
5. הֲמֹונָהּ (hamonah) – Root: המון (hamon); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “her multitude”; Notes: Refers to the armies or peoples belonging to these northern nations.
6. סְבִיבֹותָיו (sevivotav) – Root: סביב (saviv); Form: Noun feminine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “around him”; Notes: Describes the surrounding graves of fallen warriors near their leader in Sheol.
7. קִבְרֹותֶיהָ (qivroteha) – Root: קבר (qavar); Form: Noun feminine plural + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “her graves”; Notes: The multiple burial sites associated with the nation’s dead.
8. כֻּלָּם (kullam) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun/adjective masculine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “all of them”; Notes: Emphasizes universality of judgment—none spared.
9. עֲרֵלִים (ʿarelim) – Root: ערל (ʿarel); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “uncircumcised”; Notes: Describes nations outside the covenant community, a mark of ritual impurity and distance from YHWH.
10. מְחֻלְלֵי (meḥullelei) – Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Pual participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “pierced / slain of”; Notes: Passive participle indicating those fatally wounded, usually in battle.
11. חֶרֶב (ḥerev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “sword”; Notes: Represents military force or divine instrument of judgment.
12. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for / because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for their downfall.
13. נָתְנוּ (natnu) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they gave / caused”; Notes: Here, idiomatic for “caused to spread” or “instilled” fear or terror.
14. חִתִּיתָם (ḥittitam) – Root: חתת (ḥatat); Form: Noun feminine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their terror”; Notes: Refers to the fear or dread they caused among other nations.
15. בְּאֶרֶץ (be-erets) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Preposition בְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the land”; Notes: Indicates the domain of their former influence.
16. חַיִּים (ḥayyim) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Noun masculine plural (plural of abstraction); Translation: “of the living”; Notes: Contrasts the living world with the realm of Sheol, underscoring the transience of human power.