כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה לָעֲצָמֹ֖ות הָאֵ֑לֶּה הִנֵּ֨ה אֲנִ֜י מֵבִ֥יא בָכֶ֛ם ר֖וּחַ וִחְיִיתֶֽם׃
Thus says the Lord YHWH to these bones: ‘Behold, I am bringing into you breath, and you shall live.
Morphology
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: —; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: A prophetic formula introducing a divine declaration.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has said”; Notes: Refers to the speech of YHWH being delivered by the prophet.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix (title of respect); Translation: “Lord”; Notes: Expresses divine authority and majesty.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The personal covenantal name of God, signifying eternal existence.
- לָעֲצָמֹות (la-ʿatsamot) – Root: עצם (ʿetsem); Form: Preposition לְ + definite noun feminine plural; Translation: “to the bones”; Notes: Indicates the addressees of YHWH’s command—the lifeless bones symbolizing Yisraʾel.
- הָאֵלֶּה (ha-elleh) – Root: —; Form: Definite article הַ + demonstrative pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “these”; Notes: Specifies the particular bones already shown in the prophet’s vision.
- הִנֵּה (hinneh) – Root: —; Form: Interjection; Translation: “Behold”; Notes: Draws attention to the miraculous action YHWH is about to perform.
- אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphasizes YHWH as the sole actor of resurrection and renewal.
- מֵבִיא (meviʾ) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Hiphil participle masculine singular; Translation: “bringing”; Notes: Causative form indicating divine initiative—YHWH actively causes life to enter.
- בָכֶם (bakhem) – Root: —; Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “into you”; Notes: Denotes the inward act of giving life or breath within the bones.
- רוּחַ (ruaḥ) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “breath” or “spirit”; Notes: The Hebrew word can mean wind, breath, or spirit—here symbolizing life-giving power from YHWH.
- וִחְיִיתֶם (viḥyitem) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural (with conversive force); Translation: “and you shall live”; Notes: Promises the restoration of life—both physical and spiritual renewal of the people symbolized by the bones.