וְנָתַתִּי֩ עֲלֵיכֶ֨ם גִּדִ֜ים וְֽהַעֲלֵתִ֧י עֲלֵיכֶ֣ם בָּשָׂ֗ר וְקָרַמְתִּ֤י עֲלֵיכֶם֙ עֹ֔ור וְנָתַתִּ֥י בָכֶ֛ם ר֖וּחַ וִחְיִיתֶ֑ם וִידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃
And I will put upon you sinews, and will bring up upon you flesh, and will cover you with skin, and I will put in you breath, and you shall live, and you shall know that I am YHWH.”’”
Morphology
- וְנָתַתִּי (ve-natatti) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 1st person singular (with future sense); Translation: “and I will put”; Notes: YHWH Himself acts as the restorer of bodily structure, initiating re-creation.
- עֲלֵיכֶם (ʿaleikhem) – Root: —; Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “upon you”; Notes: Indicates the physical act of overlaying the bones with sinews.
- גִּדִים (gidim) – Root: גיד (gid); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “sinews” or “tendons”; Notes: Refers to connective tissue that joins flesh to bones—symbolic of structural restoration.
- וְהַעֲלֵתִי (ve-haʿaleti) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and I will bring up”; Notes: Causative form—YHWH causes flesh to come up upon the bones, emphasizing divine agency in life-formation.
- עֲלֵיכֶם (ʿaleikhem) – Root: —; Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “upon you”; Notes: Repeated prepositional phrase emphasizes layering—first sinews, then flesh, then skin.
- בָּשָׂר (basar) – Root: בשר (basar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “flesh”; Notes: Represents the restoration of physical substance, often signifying human vitality in Hebrew thought.
- וְקָרַמְתִּי (ve-karamti) – Root: קרם (karam); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and I will cover”; Notes: Rare verb meaning “to cover with skin,” underscoring the completion of bodily restoration.
- עֲלֵיכֶם (ʿaleikhem) – Root: —; Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “upon you”; Notes: Third repetition adds rhythm and cumulative force to the process of divine reconstruction.
- עֹור (ʿor) – Root: עור (ʿor); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “skin”; Notes: The final external layer of the reconstituted body—signifies visible completion of YHWH’s creative act.
- וְנָתַתִּי (ve-natatti) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 1st person singular (with future sense); Translation: “and I will put”; Notes: Parallel to the earlier clause—emphasizes dual restoration: physical (flesh) and spiritual (breath).
- בָכֶם (bakhem) – Root: —; Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “in you”; Notes: Marks internal infusion of life or spirit into the newly formed bodies.
- רוּחַ (ruaḥ) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “breath” or “spirit”; Notes: Can mean “wind,” “breath,” or “Spirit”; here it represents divine life-giving force entering the reanimated bodies.
- וִחְיִיתֶם (viḥyitem) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural (with conversive sense); Translation: “and you shall live”; Notes: Denotes the result of receiving YHWH’s breath—the return of life.
- וִידַעְתֶּם (vidaʿtem) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural (with future sense); Translation: “and you shall know”; Notes: Indicates experiential recognition through divine intervention.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a clause explaining the purpose of divine action.
- אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphasizes YHWH’s self-revelation and authorship of life.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Concludes the declaration, affirming YHWH as the sole giver of life and restorer of His people.