וּבְקִנְאָתִ֥י בְאֵשׁ־עֶבְרָתִ֖י דִּבַּ֑רְתִּי אִם־לֹ֣א בַּיֹּ֣ום הַה֗וּא יִֽהְיֶה֙ רַ֣עַשׁ גָּדֹ֔ול עַ֖ל אַדְמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
And in My zeal, in the fire of My wrath, I have spoken—surely on that day there shall be a great earthquake upon the land of Yisraʾel.
Morphology
- וּבְקִנְאָתִי (u-veqinʾatī) – Root: קנא (qanāʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular construct + suffix 1cs; Translation: “and in My jealousy”; Notes: Expresses divine passion and zeal; the construct form connects to YHWH’s personal possessive suffix.
- בְאֵשׁ־עֶבְרָתִי (beʾēsh-ʿevratī) – Root: אשׁ (ʾesh), עבר (ʿavar); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular construct “fire” + noun feminine singular construct “wrath” + suffix 1cs; Translation: “in the fire of My wrath”; Notes: The combination forms a vivid image of divine fury expressed through consuming fire.
- דִּבַּרְתִּי (dibbartī) – Root: דבר (dābar); Form: Piel perfect 1cs; Translation: “I have spoken”; Notes: The Piel binyan intensifies the action—YHWH’s word is firm and effectual.
- אִם־לֹא (ʾim-lō) – Root: אם (ʾim), לא (lō); Form: Conditional particle + negative particle; Translation: “surely”; Notes: An idiomatic oath formula meaning “indeed” or “truly,” asserting certainty rather than condition.
- בַּיֹּום (bayyōm) – Root: יום (yōm); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “on the day”; Notes: Serves as a temporal adverbial phrase marking the time of divine action.
- הַהוּא (hahūʾ) – Root: הוא (hūʾ); Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine singular (definite); Translation: “that”; Notes: Refers emphatically to the specific eschatological day foreseen by the prophet.
- יִהְיֶה (yihyeh) – Root: היה (hāyāh); Form: Qal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “there shall be”; Notes: Predicts a future event with certainty—standard prophetic usage of the imperfect.
- רַעַשׁ (raʿash) – Root: רעשׁ (raʿash); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “a shaking”; Notes: Refers to seismic or cosmic trembling, often a sign of divine judgment.
- גָּדֹול (gādōl) – Root: גדל (gādal); Form: Adjective masculine singular absolute; Translation: “great”; Notes: Serves as an intensifier describing the magnitude of the coming upheaval.
- עַל (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Introduces the spatial domain—what the shaking will affect.
- אַדְמַת (ʾadmat) – Root: אדמה (ʾadāmāh); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “land of”; Notes: Construct form links to the proper noun Yisraʾel, indicating possession or territory.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: שׂרה (śārāh) + אֵל (ʾēl); Form: Compound proper noun (theophoric name); Translation: “Yisraʾel” (“He who strives with God” or “God prevails”); Notes: Derived from śrh (“to strive, contend”) and *El* (“God”), first given to Yaʿaqov after wrestling with the angel. Represents both the patriarch and the covenant nation under divine authority.