עַל־הָרֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל תִּפֹּ֗ול אַתָּה֙ וְכָל־אֲגַפֶּ֔יךָ וְעַמִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתָּ֑ךְ לְעֵ֨יט צִפֹּ֧ור כָּל־כָּנָ֛ף וְחַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה נְתַתִּ֥יךָ לְאָכְלָֽה׃
Upon the mountains of Yisraʾel you shall fall, you and all your troops and the peoples that are with you; to the bird of every wing and to the beast of the field I have given you for food.
Morphology
- עַל־הָרֵי (ʿal-harē) – Root: הר (har); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “upon the mountains of”; Notes: Introduces the location of Gog’s downfall.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: שׂרה (śārāh) + אֵל (ʾēl); Form: Compound proper noun (theophoric name); Translation: “Yisraʾel” (“He who strives with God” or “God prevails”); Notes: Represents the covenant nation where the divine judgment occurs.
- תִּפֹּול (tippōl) – Root: נפל (nāfal); Form: Qal imperfect 2ms; Translation: “you shall fall”; Notes: Predicts Gog’s defeat and death upon the mountains of Yisraʾel.
- אַתָּה (ʾattāh) – Root: אתה (ʾattāh); Form: Independent pronoun 2ms; Translation: “you”; Notes: Emphasizes the personal address to Gog as the object of divine judgment.
- וְכָל־אֲגַפֶּיךָ (ve-khol-ʾagappekha) – Root: אגף (ʾāgaf); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural + suffix 2ms; Translation: “and all your troops”; Notes: The term “flanks” or “troops” refers to Gog’s military forces or divisions.
- וְעַמִּים (ve-ʿammīm) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “and peoples”; Notes: Refers to the allied nations accompanying Gog in his campaign.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause describing the peoples associated with Gog.
- אִתָּךְ (ittākh) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Preposition + suffix 2ms; Translation: “with you”; Notes: Indicates close association or alliance.
- לְעֵיט (le-ʿēt) – Root: עיט (ʿāṭ); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “to the bird of prey”; Notes: Refers to scavenging birds symbolizing desecration of the fallen enemy.
- צִפֹּור (tsippōr) – Root: צפר (tsāpar); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “bird”; Notes: Appositional term emphasizing the wide variety of birds summoned to consume the corpses.
- כָּל־כָּנָף (kol-kānāf) – Root: כנף (kānāf); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “of every wing”; Notes: Idiom meaning “every kind of bird.”
- וְחַיַּת (ve-ḥayyat) – Root: חיה (ḥāyāh); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “and the beast of”; Notes: Refers to terrestrial animals in parallel with birds of prey.
- הַשָּׂדֶה (ha-sādeh) – Root: שׂדה (sādeh); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the field”; Notes: Represents the open countryside where the corpses lie exposed.
- נְתַתִּיךָ (netattīkhā) – Root: נתן (nātan); Form: Qal perfect 1cs + suffix 2ms; Translation: “I have given you”; Notes: Perfect tense denotes completed divine decree—YHWH has consigned Gog to destruction.
- לְאָכְלָה (le-ʾokhlāh) – Root: אכל (ʾākhāl); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “for food”; Notes: Expresses purpose—Gog becomes sustenance for the scavengers of the earth.