הֶחָמָ֥ס קָ֖ם לְמַטֵּה־רֶ֑שַׁע לֹא־מֵהֶ֞ם וְלֹ֧א מֵהֲמֹונָ֛ם וְלֹ֥א מֶהֱמֵהֶ֖ם וְלֹא־נֹ֥הַּ בָּהֶֽם׃
The violence has risen to a rod of wickedness; none of them, and none of their multitude, and none of theirs, and no splendor among them.
Morphology
- הֶחָמָס (he-ḥamas) – Root: חמס; Form: Definite article + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “the violence”; Notes: Refers to injustice, oppression, or cruel wrongdoing.
- קָם (qam) – Root: קום; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has risen”; Notes: Describes the establishment or emergence of violence.
- לְמַטֵּה־ (le-matteh) – Root: מטה; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “to a rod”; Notes: “Rod” functions symbolically as an instrument of punishment or authority.
- רֶשַׁע (reshaʿ) – Root: רשע; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “wickedness”; Notes: Defines the quality of the rod: an instrument of evil judgment.
- לֹא־ (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following phrase.
- מֵהֶם (me-hem) – Root: מן; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “of them”; Notes: Indicates exclusion of the people themselves.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Continues the exclusion list.
- מֵהֲמֹונָם (me-hamonam) – Root: המון; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “of their multitude”; Notes: Refers to the collective wealth or masses of people.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Third negation in the series.
- מֶהֱמֵהֶם (mehemehem) – Root: — (uncertain, possibly from הֵמָה “to be tumultuous”); Form: Preposition + unusual nominal form + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “of theirs”; Notes: Rare form, probably referring to their possessions or substance. Textually difficult word.
- וְלֹא־ (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Final negation phrase.
- נֹהַּ (noaḥ / noah) – Root: נוה or נוח; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute (hapax legomenon in this form); Translation: “splendor / exaltation / rest”; Notes: Very rare word; many interpret as “splendor, glory, stability.”
- בָּהֶם (bahem) – Root: ב; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “among them”; Notes: Concludes that no nobility, strength, or stability remains within them.