הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ יִתְאַבָּ֗ל וְנָשִׂיא֙ יִלְבַּ֣שׁ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וִידֵ֥י עַם־הָאָ֖רֶץ תִּבָּהַ֑לְנָה מִדַּרְכָּ֞ם אֶעֱשֶׂ֤ה אֹותָם֙ וּבְמִשְׁפְּטֵיהֶ֣ם אֶשְׁפְּטֵ֔ם וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ פ
The king shall mourn, and the prince shall be clothed with desolation, and the hands of the people of the land shall be dismayed; according to their way I will deal with them, and with their judgments I will judge them, and they shall know that I am YHWH.’”
Morphology
- הַמֶּלֶךְ (ha-melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “the king”; Notes: Refers to the reigning monarch of Yisraʾel/Judah.
- יִתְאַבָּל (yitʾabbal) – Root: אבל; Form: Hitpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall mourn”; Notes: Reflexive form emphasizes personal lamentation.
- וְנָשִׂיא (ve-nasi) – Root: נשא; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “and the prince”; Notes: High official or ruler under the king.
- יִלְבַּשׁ (yilbash) – Root: לבשׁ; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall be clothed”; Notes: Indicates forced state of shame.
- שְׁמָמָה (shemamah) – Root: שׁמם; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “desolation”; Notes: Often a prophetic term for ruin or devastation.
- וִידֵי (vi-yedei) – Root: יד; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine dual construct; Translation: “and the hands of”; Notes: Symbol of strength and action.
- עַם־הָאָרֶץ (ʿam-ha-aretz) – Root: עם, ארץ; Form: Construct chain, noun masculine singular + noun feminine singular with article; Translation: “the people of the land”; Notes: Refers broadly to the populace.
- תִּבָּהַלְנָה (tibbahalnah) – Root: בהל; Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural; Translation: “shall be dismayed”; Notes: Passive sense, overcome by terror.
- מִדַּרְכָּם (mi-darkam) – Root: דרך; Form: Preposition מ + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “according to their way”; Notes: Basis for divine retribution.
- אֶעֱשֶׂה (eʿeseh) – Root: עשׂה; Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I will deal”; Notes: YHWH’s active judgment.
- אֹותָם (otam) – Root: אות; Form: Direct object pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “with them”; Notes: Refers to the people being judged.
- וּבְמִשְׁפְּטֵיהֶם (u-ve-mishpeteihem) – Root: שׁפט; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and with their judgments”; Notes: Their own legal standards turned against them.
- אֶשְׁפְּטֵם (eshpetem) – Root: שׁפט; Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “I will judge them”; Notes: YHWH enacts justice.
- וְיָדְעוּ (ve-yadʿu) – Root: ידע; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with prefixed conjunction; Translation: “and they shall know”; Notes: Experiential recognition of YHWH’s sovereignty.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the content of the recognition.
- אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Stresses personal involvement of YHWH.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.