הוּקַ֡ם אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֣י יְהֹונָדָ֣ב בֶּן־֠רֵכָב אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֨ה אֶת־בָּנָ֜יו לְבִלְתִּ֣י שְׁתֹֽות־יַ֗יִן וְלֹ֤א שָׁתוּ֙ עַד־הַיֹּ֣ום הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֣י שָֽׁמְע֔וּ אֵ֖ת מִצְוַ֣ת אֲבִיהֶ֑ם וְאָ֨נֹכִ֜י דִּבַּ֤רְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶם֙ הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם וְדַבֵּ֔ר וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃
The words of Yehonadav son of Rekhav, who commanded his sons not to drink wine, have been upheld, and they have not drunk until this day, for they obeyed the command of their father. But I have spoken to you, rising early and speaking, yet you have not listened to Me.
Morphology
- הוּקַם (hūqam) – Root: קום; Form: Hophal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has been upheld” / “was fulfilled”; Notes: Passive causative—refers to the observance of the command.
- אֶת־דִּבְרֵי (ʾet-divrē) – Root: דבר; Form: Direct object marker + construct plural masculine noun; Translation: “the words of”; Notes: Introduces what was upheld.
- יְהֹונָדָב בֶּן־רֵכָב (Yehonāḏāḇ ben-Rēḵāḇ) – Root: יונדב + רכב; Form: Proper noun + construct phrase; Translation: “Yehonadav son of Reḵav”; Notes: Leader of the Reḵabite tradition.
- אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה (ʾăsher-ṣivvāh) – Root: צוה; Form: Relative pronoun + Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “who commanded”; Notes: Refers to Yehonadav’s instruction.
- אֶת־בָּנָיו (ʾet-bānāv) – Root: בן; Form: Direct object marker + noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his sons”; Notes: Object of the verb “commanded.”
- לְבִלְתִּי שְׁתֹות־יַיִן (lə-viltī shəṯōt-yayin) – Root: בלע + שתה + יין; Form: Negative infinitive construct + infinitive + noun; Translation: “not to drink wine”; Notes: The content of the command.
- וְלֹא שָׁתוּ (ve-lo shātū) – Root: שתה; Form: Conjunction + negative + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they did not drink”; Notes: Fulfillment of the command.
- עַד־הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה (ʿad-hayyōm hazzeh) – Root: יום + זה; Form: Preposition + definite noun + demonstrative adjective; Translation: “until this day”; Notes: Emphasizes ongoing obedience.
- כִּי שָׁמְעוּ (ki shāməʿū) – Root: שמע; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “for they obeyed”; Notes: Explains their continued abstinence.
- אֵת מִצְוַת אֲבִיהֶם (ʾet-mitsvat ʾăḇihem) – Root: מצוה + אב; Form: Direct object + construct noun + noun with 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “the command of their father”; Notes: Refers back to Yehonadav’s instruction.
- וְאָנֹכִי דִּבַּרְתִּי (ve-ʾānōḵī dibbartī) – Root: דבר; Form: Conjunction + independent pronoun + Piel perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “But I have spoken”; Notes: Contrasts divine communication with their father’s.
- אֲלֵיכֶם (ʾălēkhem) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel/Judah.
- הַשְׁכֵּם וְדַבֵּר (hashkēm ve-dabbēr) – Root: שכם + דבר; Form: Hifil infinitive absolute + Piel infinitive absolute; Translation: “rising early and speaking”; Notes: Repeated effort and urgency of divine message.
- וְלֹא שְׁמַעְתֶּם (ve-lo shmʿattem) – Root: שמע; Form: Conjunction + negative + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “yet you did not listen”; Notes: Marks disobedience to YHWH in contrast to Reḵavite obedience.
- אֵלָי (ʾēlay) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to Me”; Notes: YHWH is the speaker here.