וְ֠אִישׁ כִּֽי־יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אֶת־אִשָּׁ֜ה שִׁכְבַת־זֶ֗רַע וְהִ֤וא שִׁפְחָה֙ נֶחֱרֶ֣פֶת לְאִ֔ישׁ וְהָפְדֵּה֙ לֹ֣א נִפְדָּ֔תָה אֹ֥ו חֻפְשָׁ֖ה לֹ֣א נִתַּן־לָ֑הּ בִּקֹּ֧רֶת תִּהְיֶ֛ה לֹ֥א יוּמְת֖וּ כִּי־לֹ֥א חֻפָּֽשָׁה׃
And if a man lies with a woman, emitting semen, and she is a slave designated for another man, but has not been redeemed nor given her freedom, there shall be an inquiry; they shall not be put to death, because she was not free.
Morphology
- וְ֠אִישׁ (ve-ish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “And a man”; Notes: Refers to an individual male.
- כִּֽי־יִשְׁכַּ֨ב (ki-yishkav) – Root: שכב (sh-k-v); Form: Conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “If he lies”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause.
- אֶת־אִשָּׁ֜ה (et-ishah) – Root: אשה (ʾ-sh-h); Form: Accusative particle + noun feminine singular; Translation: “With a woman”; Notes: Direct object indicating the woman involved.
- שִׁכְבַת־זֶ֗רַע (shikhvat-zeraʿ) – Root: שכב (sh-k-v) + זרע (z-r-ʿ); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + noun masculine singular; Translation: “Emitting semen”; Notes: Refers to sexual activity.
- וְהִ֤וא (ve-hi) – Root: הוא (h-w-ʾ); Form: Conjunction + pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “And she”; Notes: Refers to the woman.
- שִׁפְחָה֙ (shifḥah) – Root: שפחה (sh-p-ḥ); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “A slave woman”; Notes: Indicates her social status.
- נֶחֱרֶ֣פֶת (neḥerefet) – Root: חרף (ḥ-r-p); Form: Nifal participle feminine singular; Translation: “Designated”; Notes: Refers to her being assigned or promised to a man.
- לְאִ֔ישׁ (le-ish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “For a man”; Notes: Indicates her betrothal or designation.
- וְהָפְדֵּה֙ (ve-hafdeh) – Root: פדה (p-d-h); Form: Conjunction + Hofal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “And has not been redeemed”; Notes: Denotes her status of not being freed.
- לֹ֣א נִפְדָּ֔תָה (lo-nifdatah) – Root: פדה (p-d-h); Form: Negative particle + Nifal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “Has not been redeemed”; Notes: Repeats her unredeemed status for emphasis.
- אֹ֥ו חֻפְשָׁ֖ה (o-ḥufshah) – Root: חפש (ḥ-p-sh); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “Or her freedom”; Notes: Alternative condition of liberty.
- לֹ֣א נִתַּן־לָ֑הּ (lo-nittan-lah) – Root: נתן (n-t-n); Form: Negative particle + Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + preposition + pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “Has not been given to her”; Notes: Indicates lack of emancipation.
- בִּקֹּ֧רֶת (biqqoret) – Root: בקר (b-q-r); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “Inquiry”; Notes: Refers to judicial examination.
- תִּהְיֶ֛ה (tihyeh) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “There shall be”; Notes: Indicates a ruling.
- לֹ֥א יוּמְת֖וּ (lo-yumtu) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Negative particle + Hofal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “They shall not be put to death”; Notes: Exempts them from capital punishment.
- כִּי־לֹ֥א חֻפָּֽשָׁה (ki-lo ḥuppashah) – Root: חפש (ḥ-p-sh); Form: Conjunction + negative particle + Hofal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “Because she was not free”; Notes: Provides the reason for leniency.