Leviticus 5:17

וְאִם־נֶ֨פֶשׁ֙ כִּ֣י תֶֽחֱטָ֔א וְעָֽשְׂתָ֗ה אַחַת֙ מִכָּל־מִצְוֹ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֥ע וְאָשֵׁ֖ם וְנָשָׂ֥א עֲוֹנֹֽו׃

And if a person sins and does any of the commandments of YHWH that ought not to be done, though he did not know, he is guilty and shall bear his iniquity.

Morphology

1. וְאִם־ (veʾim-) – Root: אם (ʾ-m); Form: Conjunction + conditional particle; Translation: “And if”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause.
2. נֶ֨פֶשׁ֙ (nefesh) – Root: נפש (n-p-sh); Form: Noun, fs; Translation: “A person”; Notes: Refers to an individual, emphasizing their life or soul.
3. כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “Because/when”; Notes: Explains the condition.
4. תֶֽחֱטָ֔א (teḥeta) – Root: חטא (ḥ-t-ʾ); Form: Verb, Qal, imperfect, 3fs; Translation: “She sins”; Notes: Refers to committing a transgression.
5. וְעָֽשְׂתָ֗ה (veʿastah) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Conjunction + verb, Qal, perfect, 3fs; Translation: “And does”; Notes: Refers to performing an act.
6. אַחַת֙ (aḥat) – Root: אחד (ʾ-ḥ-d); Form: Numeral, fs; Translation: “One”; Notes: Specifies one of the commandments.
7. מִכָּל־ (mikkol-) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Preposition + noun, ms construct; Translation: “Of all”; Notes: Indicates the scope of the commandments.
8. מִצְוֹ֣ת (mitzvot) – Root: צוה (tz-w-h); Form: Noun, fp construct; Translation: “Commandments”; Notes: Refers to the divine laws.
9. יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, referring to the divine name.
10. אֲשֶׁ֖ר (ʾasher) – Root: N/A; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “That”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
11. לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: N/A; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “Not”; Notes: Negates the action.
12. תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה (teʿasenah) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Verb, Qal, imperfect, 3fp; Translation: “Are to be done”; Notes: Refers to actions prohibited by the commandments.
13. וְלֹֽא־ (velo-) – Root: N/A; Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “And not”; Notes: Introduces further details.
14. יָדַ֥ע (yadaʿ) – Root: ידע (y-d-ʿ); Form: Verb, Qal, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “He knew”; Notes: Refers to the lack of awareness.
15. וְאָשֵׁ֖ם (veʾashem) – Root: אשם (ʾ-sh-m); Form: Conjunction + verb, Qal, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he is guilty”; Notes: Declares the culpability of the individual.
16. וְנָשָׂ֥א (venasa) – Root: נשא (n-s-ʾ); Form: Conjunction + verb, Qal, perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And he shall bear”; Notes: Indicates responsibility for the iniquity.
17. עֲוֹנֹֽו (ʿavono) – Root: עון (ʿ-v-n); Form: Noun, ms with 3ms suffix; Translation: “His iniquity”; Notes: Refers to the burden of guilt.