וְ֠הָאֲבָנִים עַל־שְׁמֹ֨ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל הֵ֛נָּה שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה עַל־שְׁמֹתָ֑ם פִּתּוּחֵ֤י חֹתָם֙ אִ֣ישׁ עַל־שְׁמֹ֔ו לִשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר שָֽׁבֶט׃
And the stones were according to the names of the sons of Yisra’el; twelve according to their names, engraved like a signet, each according to its name, for the twelve tribes.
Morphology
- וְ֠הָאֲבָנִים (ve-ha-ʾavanim) – Root: אבן (ʾ-b-n); Form: Conjunction + noun, feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “And the stones”; Notes: Refers to the gemstones on the breastplate.
- עַל־שְׁמֹ֨ת (ʿal-shemot) – Root: שם (sh-m); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “According to the names”; Notes: Denotes the association of the stones with the names of the tribes.
- בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל (benei-Yisra’el) – Root: בן (b-n) + יִשְׂרָאֵל; Form: Construct phrase, “sons of Yisra’el”; Translation: “Sons of Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the twelve tribes of Yisra’el.
- הֵ֛נָּה (henna) – Root: הֵן (h-n); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, feminine plural; Translation: “They”; Notes: Refers to the twelve stones.
- שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה (shteim esreh) – Root: שְׁתַּיִם (sh-t-y-m) + עשר (ʿ-s-r); Form: Cardinal number, feminine; Translation: “Twelve”; Notes: Indicates the total number of stones.
- עַל־שְׁמֹתָ֑ם (ʿal-shemotam) – Root: שם (sh-m); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with third-person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “According to their names”; Notes: Specifies the alignment of the stones with the tribes.
- פִּתּוּחֵ֤י (pittuḥei) – Root: פתח (p-t-ḥ); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “Engravings of”; Notes: Refers to the intricate carvings on the stones.
- חֹתָם֙ (ḥotam) – Root: חתם (ḥ-t-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “A signet”; Notes: Indicates the style of engraving, like a seal.
- אִ֣ישׁ עַל־שְׁמֹ֔ו (ʾish ʿal-shemo) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh) + שם (sh-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct with third-person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Each according to its name”; Notes: Refers to the personal identification of each stone with a tribe.
- לִשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר (li-shneim ʿasar) – Root: שְׁנַיִם (sh-n-y-m) + עשר (ʿ-s-r); Form: Cardinal number, masculine construct; Translation: “For the twelve”; Notes: Refers to the twelve tribes of Yisra’el.
- שָֽׁבֶט׃ (shevet) – Root: שׁבט (sh-b-t); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Tribe”; Notes: Indicates each tribal designation.