וְאָמַרְתָּ֞ לְאַדְמַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִ֣י אֵלַ֔יִךְ וְהֹוצֵאתִ֥י חַרְבִּ֖י מִתַּעְרָ֑הּ וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י מִמֵּ֖ךְ צַדִּ֥יק וְרָשָֽׁע׃
And you shall say to the land of Yisraʾel, ‘Thus says YHWH: “Behold, I am against you, and I will bring out my sword from its sheath, and I will cut off from you righteous and wicked.
Morphology
- וְאָמַרְתָּ (ve-amarta) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 2ms with prefixed vav-consecutive; Translation: “and you shall say”; Notes: Command to the prophet to proclaim the oracle.
- לְאַדְמַת (le-admat) – Root: אדמה (ʾadamah); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “to the land of”; Notes: Direct object of address, the land itself is personified.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Israel as the addressee.
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: —; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Formulaic introduction to prophetic speech.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3ms (gnomic/present use); Translation: “says”; Notes: Typical prophetic formula “Thus says YHWH.”
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, covenant name of God.
- הִנְנִי (hineni) – Root: הן (hen); Form: Interjection + 1cs suffix; Translation: “Behold, I”; Notes: Emphatic self-presentation formula in divine speech.
- אֵלַיִךְ (elaiyikh) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition + 2fs suffix; Translation: “am against you”; Notes: Indicates divine opposition directed at the land.
- וְהֹוצֵאתִי (ve-hotseti) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Hiphil perfect 1cs with prefixed vav-consecutive; Translation: “and I will bring out”; Notes: Refers to the unsheathing of the divine sword.
- חַרְבִּי (ḥarbi) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Noun feminine singular + 1cs suffix; Translation: “my sword”; Notes: Weapon as symbol of YHWH’s judgment.
- מִתַּעְרָהּ (mi-taʿrah) – Root: תער (taʿar); Form: Preposition מִן + noun feminine singular with 3fs suffix; Translation: “from its sheath”; Notes: Imagery of preparation for battle.
- וְהִכְרַתִּי (ve-hikhratti) – Root: כרת (karat); Form: Hiphil perfect 1cs with prefixed vav-consecutive; Translation: “and I will cut off”; Notes: Refers to the removal or destruction of people.
- מִמֵּךְ (mimmekh) – Root: מן (min); Form: Preposition מִן + second fs suffix; Translation: “from you”; Notes: The addressee is the land itself, personified in the feminine.
- צַדִּיק (tsaddiq) – Root: צדק (tsadeq); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “righteous”; Notes: Refers to those aligned with justice.
- וְרָשָׁע (ve-rashaʿ) – Root: רשע (rashaʿ); Form: Conjunction + adjective masculine singular; Translation: “and wicked”; Notes: Both categories (righteous and wicked) will be cut off in judgment.