מֵרֹ֣ב עֲוֹנֶ֗יךָ בְּעֶ֨וֶל֙ רְכֻלָּ֣תְךָ֔ חִלַּ֖לְתָּ מִקְדָּשֶׁ֑יךָ וָֽאֹוצִא־אֵ֤שׁ מִתֹּֽוכְךָ֙ הִ֣יא אֲכָלַ֔תְךָ וָאֶתֶּנְךָ֤ לְאֵ֨פֶר֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־רֹאֶֽיךָ׃
By the abundance of your iniquities, in the unrighteousness of your trade, you profaned your sanctuaries; and I brought forth fire from your midst; it consumed you, and I gave you to ashes upon the earth before the eyes of all who see you.
Morphology
- מֵרֹב (me-rov) – Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular (“abundance”); Translation: “by the abundance”; Notes: Indicates the extent or cause of guilt — excessive wrongdoing.
- עֲוֹנֶיךָ (ʿavonekha) – Root: עון (ʿavon); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “your iniquities”; Notes: Refers to moral offenses or guilt, emphasizing the accumulation of sin.
- בְּעֶוֶל (be-ʿevel) – Root: עול (ʿaval); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in unrighteousness”; Notes: Describes the nature of the trade as corrupt or unjust.
- רְכֻלָּתְךָ (rekhullatkha) – Root: רכל (rakhal); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “your trade” or “commerce”; Notes: Figurative for dealings or exchanges involving deceit or pride.
- חִלַּלְתָּ (ḥillalta) – Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you profaned”; Notes: Denotes desecration — turning something sacred into something common or impure.
- מִקְדָּשֶׁיךָ (mikdashekha) – Root: קדשׁ (qadash); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “your sanctuaries”; Notes: Refers to sacred spaces or divine privileges that were defiled.
- וָאֹוצִא (va-’otzi) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Hiphil wayyiqtol (narrative past) 1st person singular; Translation: “and I brought forth”; Notes: YHWH’s act of judgment — bringing forth consuming fire from within.
- אֵשׁ (’esh) – Root: —; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “fire”; Notes: Symbolic of divine judgment and purification.
- מִתֹּוכְךָ (mitokhekha) – Root: תוך (tokh); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular construct + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “from your midst”; Notes: Emphasizes internal self-destruction — the punishment arises from within.
- הִיא (hiʾ) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers to the fire — the subject that consumes.
- אֲכָלַתְךָ (ʾakhalatkha) – Root: אכל (ʾakhal); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “it consumed you”; Notes: Feminine agreement with the noun “fire,” emphasizing total consumption.
- וָאֶתֶּנְךָ (va-ettenkha) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 1st person singular + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “and I gave you”; Notes: Expresses YHWH’s action of assigning judgment or fate.
- לְאֵפֶר (le-ʾefer) – Root: אפר (ʾefer); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to ashes”; Notes: Indicates complete destruction — transformation into nothingness.
- עַל־הָאָרֶץ (ʿal-haʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Preposition עַל + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “upon the earth”; Notes: Symbol of public judgment and visible humiliation.
- לְעֵינֵי (leʿeinei) – Root: עין (ʿayin); Form: Preposition לְ + plural construct noun; Translation: “before the eyes of”; Notes: Expresses the public nature of the event — witnessed by many.
- כָּל־רֹאֶיךָ (kol-roʾekha) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Noun masculine singular “all” + participle Qal masculine plural construct + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “all who see you”; Notes: Refers to surrounding nations or witnesses observing divine retribution.