Ezekiel 39:17

וְאַתָּ֨ה בֶן־אָדָ֜ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה אֱמֹר֩ לְצִפֹּ֨ור כָּל־כָּנָ֜ף וּלְכֹ֣ל חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה הִקָּבְצ֤וּ וָבֹ֨אוּ֙ הֵאָסְפ֣וּ מִסָּבִ֔יב עַל־זִבְחִ֗י אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֜י זֹבֵ֤חַ לָכֶם֙ זֶ֣בַח גָּדֹ֔ול עַ֖ל הָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֥ם בָּשָׂ֖ר וּשְׁתִ֥יתֶם דָּֽם׃

And you, son of man, thus says the Lord YHWH: ‘Speak to every bird of every wing, and to every beast of the field, “Assemble and come, gather yourselves from all around to My sacrifice that I am sacrificing for you, a great sacrifice upon the mountains of Yisraʾel, and you shall eat flesh and drink blood.

Morphology

1. וְאַתָּה (ve-ʾattāh) – Root: אתה (ʾattāh); Form: Conjunction וְ + independent pronoun 2ms; Translation: “and you”; Notes: Direct address to the prophet Ezekiel, introducing a new divine command.
2. בֶן־אָדָם (ben-ʾādām) – Root: בן (ben) / אדם (ʾādam); Form: Noun construct chain masculine singular; Translation: “son of man”; Notes: Prophetic title emphasizing human limitation in contrast to divine authority.
3. כֹּה־אָמַר (koh-ʾāmar) – Root: אמר (ʾāmar); Form: Adverb + Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “thus says”; Notes: Standard prophetic introduction formula used to announce divine speech.
4. אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonāy) – Root: אדן (ʾādan); Form: Plural of majesty with possessive sense “my Lord”; Translation: “Lord”; Notes: Title expressing divine sovereignty.
5. יְהֹוִה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havāh); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel, often coupled with “ʾadonāy.”
6. אֱמֹר (ʾemor) – Root: אמר (ʾāmar); Form: Qal imperative 2ms; Translation: “speak”; Notes: Command to proclaim the divine message to the creatures addressed.
7. לְצִפֹּור (le-tsippōr) – Root: צפר (tsāphar); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “to every bird”; Notes: Collective address to the avian scavengers summoned to the divine feast.
8. כָּל־כָּנָף (kol-kānāf) – Root: כנף (kānāf); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “of every wing”; Notes: Idiomatic for “every kind of bird.”
9. וּלְכֹל (u-le-khol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and to every”; Notes: Broadens the address to include beasts of the field.
10. חַיַּת (ḥayyat) – Root: חיה (ḥāyāh); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “beast of”; Notes: Introduces the animals invited to the divine sacrificial feast.
11. הַשָּׂדֶה (ha-sādeh) – Root: שׂדה (sādeh); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the field”; Notes: Represents the open countryside, natural habitat of wild beasts.
12. הִקָּבְצוּ (hiqqāvetzū) – Root: קבץ (qāvat͡s); Form: Niphal imperative 2mp; Translation: “assemble yourselves”; Notes: Reflexive command urging self-gathering of the creatures.
13. וָבֹאוּ (vā-vōʾū) – Root: בוא (bōʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal imperative 2mp; Translation: “and come”; Notes: Second summons to approach the appointed location of YHWH’s “sacrifice.”
14. הֵאָסְפוּ (heʾāsfū) – Root: אסף (ʾāsaf); Form: Niphal imperative 2mp; Translation: “gather yourselves”; Notes: Reinforces the call to assemble for the feast—echoing a ceremonial gathering.
15. מִסָּבִיב (missāviv) – Root: סביב (saviv); Form: Preposition מִן + adverb; Translation: “from all around”; Notes: Denotes comprehensive gathering from every direction.
16. עַל־זִבְחִי (ʿal-zivḥī) – Root: זבח (zāvaḥ); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine singular construct + suffix 1cs; Translation: “to My sacrifice”; Notes: The sacrificial imagery transforms the battlefield into a divine offering site.
17. אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause defining YHWH’s action.
18. אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun 1cs; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphasizes YHWH’s personal involvement in this act of judgment.
19. זֹבֵחַ (zōvēaḥ) – Root: זבח (zāvaḥ); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “am sacrificing”; Notes: Expresses YHWH’s active role as the one offering the “sacrifice.”
20. לָכֶם (lākhem) – Root: כם (khem); Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 2mp; Translation: “for you”; Notes: The birds and beasts are the beneficiaries of this grisly divine feast.
21. זֶבַח (zevaḥ) – Root: זבח (zāvaḥ); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “sacrifice”; Notes: Here, metaphorically refers to the fallen armies offered as food for the scavengers.
22. גָּדֹול (gādōl) – Root: גדל (gādal); Form: Adjective masculine singular absolute; Translation: “great”; Notes: Highlights the immense scale of the slaughter and its symbolic significance.
23. עַל־הָרֵי (ʿal-harê) – Root: הר (har); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “upon the mountains of”; Notes: Refers to the mountainous region of Yisraʾel where the judgment takes place.
24. יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: שׂרה (śārāh) + אֵל (ʾēl); Form: Compound proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: The covenant nation, locus of divine justice and revelation.
25. וַאֲכַלְתֶּם (va-ʾakhaltem) – Root: אכל (ʾākhal); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 2mp; Translation: “and you shall eat”; Notes: The imagery portrays scavengers devouring the corpses of the defeated enemies.
26. בָּשָׂר (bāsār) – Root: בשר (bāśār); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “flesh”; Notes: Refers literally to human flesh consumed by birds and beasts—symbolic of divine vengeance.
27. וּשְׁתִיתֶם (u-shetītem) – Root: שתה (shātāh); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 2mp; Translation: “and you shall drink”; Notes: Parallel to “eat flesh,” reinforcing the banquet imagery.
28. דָּם (dām) – Root: דם (dām); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “blood”; Notes: Represents life-force poured out in judgment—emphasizing the totality of divine retribution.