Ezekiel 7:23

עֲשֵׂ֖ה הָֽרַתֹּ֑וק כִּ֣י הָאָ֗רֶץ מָֽלְאָה֙ מִשְׁפַּ֣ט דָּמִ֔ים וְהָעִ֖יר מָלְאָ֥ה חָמָֽס׃

‘Make the chain, for the land is full of the judgment of bloods, and the city is full of violence.

Morphology

1. עֲשֵׂה (ʿaseh) – Root: עשׂה; Form: Qal imperative masculine singular; Translation: “make”; Notes: Command to fashion or prepare.
2. הָרַתֹּוק (ha-rattok) – Root: רתק; Form: Definite article + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “the chain”; Notes: Symbol of captivity and judgment.
3. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the command.
4. הָאָרֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the whole land, often with covenantal significance.
5. מָלְאָה (malʾah) – Root: מלא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “is full”; Notes: Describes completion or saturation.
6. מִשְׁפַּט (mishpat) – Root: שׁפט; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “judgment”; Notes: Here in context: “judgment of bloods,” implying legal consequences for bloodshed.
7. דָּמִים (damim) – Root: דם; Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “bloods”; Notes: Plural indicates repeated bloodshed, murders.
8. וְהָעִיר (ve-ha-ʿir) – Root: עיר; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “and the city”; Notes: Likely refers to Jerusalem as the center of corruption.
9. מָלְאָה (malʾah) – Root: מלא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “is full”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis.
10. חָמָס (ḥamas) – Root: חמס; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “violence”; Notes: Refers to cruelty, oppression, and injustice.