וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י עֲוֹ֨ן בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל וִֽיהוּדָה֙ גָּדֹול֙ בִּמְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד וַתִּמָּלֵ֤א הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ דָּמִ֔ים וְהָעִ֖יר מָלְאָ֣ה מֻטֶּ֑ה כִּ֣י אָמְר֗וּ עָזַ֤ב יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאֵ֥ין יְהוָ֖ה רֹאֶֽה׃
And he said to me, “The guilt of the house of Yisraʾel and Yehuda is exceedingly great, and the land is filled with blood, and the city is full of perversion. For they say, ‘YHWH has forsaken the land, and YHWH does not see.’
Morphology
- וַיֹּאמֶר (va-yomer) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Marks continuation of divine speech.
- אֵלַי (elai) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition אֶל + first cs suffix; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Direct address to Ezekiel.
- עֲוֹן (ʿavon) – Root: עון; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “guilt/iniquity”; Notes: Denotes both sin and its consequence.
- בֵּית־יִשְׂרָאֵל (beit-Yisraʾel) – Root: בית, ישראל; Form: Noun construct + proper noun; Translation: “the house of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the northern kingdom and people.
- וִיהוּדָה (vi-Yehudah) – Root: יהודה; Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Yehudah”; Notes: Southern kingdom.
- גָּדֹול (gadol) – Root: גדל; Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “great”; Notes: Describes enormity of the guilt.
- בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד (bi-meʾod meʾod) – Root: מאד; Form: Preposition + adverb repeated; Translation: “exceedingly, very very”; Notes: Intensifies degree of guilt.
- וַתִּמָּלֵא (va-timmale) – Root: מלא; Form: Niphal wayyiqtol 3fs; Translation: “and was filled”; Notes: Subject is “the land.”
- הָאָרֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the land of Yisraʾel.
- דָּמִים (damim) – Root: דם; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “blood”; Notes: Refers to bloodshed and violence.
- וְהָעִיר (ve-ha-ʿir) – Root: עיר; Form: Conjunction + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “and the city”; Notes: Refers specifically to Yerushalayim.
- מָלְאָה (maleʾah) – Root: מלא; Form: Qal perfect 3fs; Translation: “is full”; Notes: Describes the condition of the city.
- מֻטֶּה (mutteh) – Root: נטה; Form: Pual participle masculine singular; Translation: “perversion/justice turned aside”; Notes: Refers to corruption or injustice.
- כִּי (ki) – Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces reason.
- אָמְרוּ (amru) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3cp; Translation: “they say”; Notes: Reported speech of the people.
- עָזַב (ʿazav) – Root: עזב; Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “has forsaken”; Notes: Statement about divine abandonment.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of God.
- אֶת־הָאָרֶץ (et-ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Object marker + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Object of forsaking.
- וְאֵין (ve-ʾein) – Form: Conjunction + negative existential; Translation: “and there is not”; Notes: Denies YHWH’s perception.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Repeated divine name.
- רֹאֶה (roʾeh) – Root: ראה; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “seeing”; Notes: Describes what the people deny about YHWH’s awareness.