Jeremiah 31:13

אָ֣ז תִּשְׂמַ֤ח בְּתוּלָה֙ בְּמָחֹ֔ול וּבַחֻרִ֥ים וּזְקֵנִ֖ים יַחְדָּ֑ו וְהָפַכְתִּ֨י אֶבְלָ֤ם לְשָׂשֹׂון֙ וְנִ֣חַמְתִּ֔ים וְשִׂמַּחְתִּ֖ים מִיגֹונָֽם׃

Then the virgin shall rejoice in the dance, and young men and elders together; and I will turn their mourning into joy, and I will comfort them and make them rejoice from their sorrow.

Morphology

1. אָז (ʾaz) – Root: אז; Form: Adverb; Translation: “then”; Notes: Marks a temporal sequence, introducing the time of fulfillment.
2. תִּשְׂמַח (tismaḥ) – Root: שׂמח; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “shall rejoice”; Notes: Subject is בְּתוּלָה, indicating joy in celebration.
3. בְּתוּלָה (betulah) – Root: בתל; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “virgin”; Notes: Symbolic reference to purity or the personified daughter of Yisraʾel.
4. בְּמָחֹול (be-maḥol) – Root: מחול; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the dance”; Notes: A communal celebratory dance.
5. וּבַחֻרִים (u-vakhurim) – Root: בחר; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and young men”; Notes: Represents the vigor of youth.
6. וּזְקֵנִים (u-zeqenim) – Root: זקן; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and elders”; Notes: Symbol of wisdom and community leadership.
7. יַחְדָּו (yaḥdav) – Root: יחד; Form: Adverb; Translation: “together”; Notes: Emphasizes unity in celebration.
8. וְהָפַכְתִּי (ve-hafakhti) – Root: הפך; Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular with prefixed conjunction; Translation: “and I will turn”; Notes: Indicates transformation from one state to another.
9. אֶבְלָם (evlam) – Root: אבל; Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their mourning”; Notes: Refers to grief and lamentation.
10. לְשָׂשֹׂון (le-sason) – Root: שׂושׂ; Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “into joy”; Notes: Denotes exultation and gladness.
11. וְנִחַמְתִּים (ve-niḥamtem) – Root: נחם; Form: Piel perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and I will comfort them”; Notes: Intensive stem indicating deep consolation.
12. וְשִׂמַּחְתִּים (ve-simmaḥtem) – Root: שׂמח; Form: Piel perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and I will make them rejoice”; Notes: Causative nuance within the intensive stem.
13. מִיגֹונָם (mi-yegonam) – Root: יגון; Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “from their sorrow”; Notes: Indicates the removal of distress as the source of joy.