בָּאִ֗ים לְהִלָּחֵם֙ אֶת־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים וּלְמַלְאָם֙ אֶת־פִּגְרֵ֣י הָאָדָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הִכֵּ֥יתִי בְאַפִּ֖י וּבַחֲמָתִ֑י וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר הִסְתַּ֤רְתִּי פָנַי֙ מֵהָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את עַ֖ל כָּל־רָעָתָֽם׃
‘Those who come to fight against the Kasdim, and to fill it with the corpses of men whom I have struck in My anger and in My wrath, and because of whom I have hidden My face from this city, because of all their evil.
Morphology
- בָּאִ֗ים (baʾim) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “(those) who come”; Notes: Functions as a subject for the following verbs, referring to combatants or inhabitants.
- לְהִלָּחֵם֙ (lehillachem) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Niphal infinitive construct with preposition לְ; Translation: “to fight”; Notes: Niphal gives passive or reflexive nuance, “to engage in battle.”
- אֶת־הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים (et-ha-Kasdim) – Root: כשד (Kasdim); Form: Definite direct object marker + proper noun plural; Translation: “the Kasdim”; Notes: Refers to the Chaldeans, enemies besieging the city.
- וּלְמַלְאָם֙ (u-lemalʾam) – Root: מלא (maleʾ); Form: Conjunction + preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and to fill it”; Notes: Refers to filling the city (implied object) with corpses.
- אֶת־פִּגְרֵ֣י (et-pigrei) – Root: פגר (peger); Form: Definite direct object marker + construct noun masculine plural; Translation: “the corpses of”; Notes: Refers to human corpses as the object being used to fill.
- הָאָדָ֔ם (ha-adam) – Root: אדם (adam); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the man” or “the people”; Notes: Generic reference to human beings slain.
- אֲשֶׁר־הִכֵּ֥יתִי (asher-hikkeiti) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Relative particle + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “whom I have struck”; Notes: Hiphil expresses causative action from YHWH.
- בְאַפִּ֖י (ve-ʾapi) – Root: אף (af); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “in My anger”; Notes: Divine wrath expressed through judgment.
- וּבַחֲמָתִ֑י (uva-ḥamati) – Root: חמה (ḥemah); Form: Conjunction + preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “and in My wrath”; Notes: Emphasizes intensity of divine judgment.
- וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר (va-ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Conjunction + relative pronoun; Translation: “and because of whom”; Notes: Introduces a second relative clause.
- הִסְתַּ֤רְתִּי (histarti) – Root: סתר (satar); Form: Hiphil perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have hidden”; Notes: YHWH conceals His face in judgment.
- פָנַי֙ (panai) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Noun masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “My face”; Notes: A metaphor for YHWH’s favor or presence.
- מֵהָעִ֣יר (me-haʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Preposition מִן + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “from the city”; Notes: Likely Yerushalayim, now abandoned by divine protection.
- הַזֹּ֔את (hazot) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Modifies “the city.”
- עַ֖ל כָּל־רָעָתָֽם (ʿal kol-raʿatam) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “because of all their evil”; Notes: The cause of divine punishment and abandonment.