אֶֽרֶץ־רְפָאִ֥ים תֵּחָשֵׁ֖ב אַף־הִ֑וא רְפָאִ֤ים יָֽשְׁבוּ־בָהּ֙ לְפָנִ֔ים וְהָֽעַמֹּנִ֔ים יִקְרְא֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם זַמְזֻמִּֽים׃
The land of the Refaʾim is also considered; the Refaʾim lived there formerly, but the ʿAmmonim call them Zamzummim.
Morphology
- אֶֽרֶץ־רְפָאִ֥ים (ʾeretṣ-Refaʾim) – Root: ארץ (ʾrṣ) + רפא (rph); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct + proper noun; Translation: “the land of the Refaʾim”; Notes: Refers to a region associated with the Refaʾim.
- תֵּחָשֵׁ֖ב (teḥashev) – Root: חשב (ḥšb); Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “is considered”; Notes: Passive voice indicating recognition or classification.
- אַף־הִ֑וא (ʾaf-hiʾ) – Root: אף (ʾp) + הוא (hwʾ); Form: Conjunction + pronoun, feminine singular; Translation: “also it”; Notes: Adds emphasis to the previous statement.
- רְפָאִ֤ים (Refaʾim) – Root: רפא (rph); Form: Proper noun, plural; Translation: “Refaʾim”; Notes: Refers to an ancient group of people.
- יָֽשְׁבוּ־בָהּ֙ (yashvu-vah) – Root: ישב (yšb); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural + preposition; Translation: “dwelt in it”; Notes: Indicates a past habitation.
- לְפָנִ֔ים (lefanim) – Root: פנה (pnh); Form: Adverb; Translation: “formerly”; Notes: Refers to a time in the distant past.
- וְהָֽעַמֹּנִ֔ים (ve-haʿAmmonim) – Root: עמן (ʿmn); Form: Conjunction + proper noun, plural; Translation: “and the Ammonites”; Notes: Refers to the descendants of Ammon.
- יִקְרְא֥וּ (yiqreu) – Root: קרא (qrʾ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “call”; Notes: Indicates the naming practice of the Ammonites.
- לָהֶ֖ם (lahem) – Root: ל־ (l-) + הם (hm); Form: Preposition + pronoun, masculine plural; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers to the Refaʾim.
- זַמְזֻמִּֽים (Zamzummim) – Root: זמזם (zmzm); Form: Proper noun, plural; Translation: “Zamzummim”; Notes: An alternate name for the Refaʾim, used by the Ammonites.