Author Archives: Nevi’im

וַאֲנִ֥י כָעָ֖שׁ לְאֶפְרָ֑יִם וְכָרָקָ֖ב לְבֵ֥ית יְהוּדָֽה׃ And I am like a moth to Ephrayim, and like rottenness to the house of Yehuda.   Morphology וַאֲנִי (va-ʾani) – Root: אני (ʾani); Form: Conjunction וְ + independent pronoun 1st person common singular; … Continue reading →

עָשׁ֥וּק אֶפְרַ֖יִם רְצ֣וּץ מִשְׁפָּ֑ט כִּ֣י הֹואִ֔יל הָלַ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵי־צָֽו׃ Efrayim is oppressed, crushed in judgment, for he willingly walked after command.   Morphology עָשׁוּק (ʿashuq) – Root: עשׁק (ʿ-sh-q); Form: Qal passive participle masculine singular; Translation: “oppressed”; Notes: Describes Ephrayim as … Continue reading →

הָיוּ֙ שָׂרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה כְּמַסִּיגֵ֖י גְּב֑וּל עֲלֵיהֶ֕ם אֶשְׁפֹּ֥וךְ כַּמַּ֖יִם עֶבְרָתִֽי׃ The princes of Yehuda have become like those who move a boundary; upon them I will pour out My wrath like water.   Morphology הָיוּ (hayu) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: … Continue reading →

אֶפְרַ֨יִם֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה בְּיֹ֖ום תֹּֽוכֵחָ֑ה בְּשִׁבְטֵי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֹודַ֖עְתִּי נֶאֱמָנָֽה׃ Efrayim shall become a desolation in the day of rebuke; among the tribes of Yisraʾel I have made known what is sure.   Morphology אֶפְרַיִם (ʾEfrayim) – Root: אפר (ʾ-p-r); Form: … Continue reading →

תִּקְע֤וּ שֹׁופָר֙ בַּגִּבְעָ֔ה חֲצֹצְרָ֖ה בָּרָמָ֑ה הָרִ֨יעוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית אָ֔וֶן אַחֲרֶ֖יךָ בִּנְיָמִֽין׃ Blow a shofar in Giveʿa, a trumpet in Rama; shout in Beth Awen! Behind you, Binyamin!   Morphology תִּקְעוּ (tiqʿu) – Root: תקע (t-q-ʿ); Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: … Continue reading →

בַּיהוָ֣ה בָּגָ֔דוּ כִּֽי־בָנִ֥ים זָרִ֖ים יָלָ֑דוּ עַתָּ֛ה יֹאכְלֵ֥ם חֹ֖דֶשׁ אֶת־חֶלְקֵיהֶֽם׃ ס They have dealt treacherously against YHWH, for they have begotten strange children; now the new moon shall devour them with their portions.   Morphology בַּיהוָה (baYHWH) – Root: —; Form: … Continue reading →

בְּצֹאנָ֣ם וּבִבְקָרָ֗ם יֵֽלְכ֛וּ לְבַקֵּ֥שׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א יִמְצָ֑אוּ חָלַ֖ץ מֵהֶֽם׃ With their flocks and with their herds they shall go to seek YHWH, but they shall not find Him; He has withdrawn from them.   Morphology בְּצֹאנָם (betsonam) – Root: צאן … Continue reading →

וְעָנָ֥ה גְאֹֽון־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּפָנָ֑יו וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל וְאֶפְרַ֗יִם יִכָּֽשְׁלוּ֙ בַּעֲוֹנָ֔ם כָּשַׁ֥ל גַּם־יְהוּדָ֖ה עִמָּֽם׃ The pride of Yisraʾel testifies to his face, and Yisraʾel and Efrayim stumble in their iniquity; Yehuda also has stumbled with them.   Morphology וְעָנָה (veʿanah) – Root: ענה (ʿ-n-h); … Continue reading →

לֹ֤א יִתְּנוּ֙ מַ֣עַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם לָשׁ֖וּב אֶל־אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑ם כִּ֣י ר֤וּחַ זְנוּנִים֙ בְּקִרְבָּ֔ם וְאֶת־יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֥א יָדָֽעוּ׃ Their deeds do not allow them to return to their God, for the spirit of whoredom is within them, and they do not know YHWH.   Morphology לֹא … Continue reading →

אֲנִי֙ יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹֽא־נִכְחַ֣ד מִמֶּ֑נִּי כִּ֤י עַתָּה֙ הִזְנֵ֣יתָ אֶפְרַ֔יִם נִטְמָ֖א יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ I know Efrayim, and Yisraʾel is not hidden from Me; for now, Efrayim, you have played the harlot; Yisraʾel is defiled.   Morphology אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: —; … Continue reading →

וְשַׁחֲטָ֥ה שֵׂטִ֖ים הֶעְמִ֑יקוּ וַאֲנִ֖י מוּסָ֥ר לְכֻלָּֽם׃ And the revolters have gone deep in slaughter, but I am a rebuke to them all.   Morphology וְשַׁחֲטָה (veshaḥatah) – Root: שׁחט (sh-ḥ-ṭ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “and in … Continue reading →

שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֨את הַכֹּהֲנִ֜ים וְהַקְשִׁ֣יבוּ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וּבֵ֤ית הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ הַאֲזִ֔ינוּ כִּ֥י לָכֶ֖ם הַמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט כִּֽי־פַח֙ הֱיִיתֶ֣ם לְמִצְפָּ֔ה וְרֶ֖שֶׁת פְּרוּשָׂ֥ה עַל־תָּבֹֽור׃ Hear this, O priests; give ear, O house of Yisraʾel; and listen, O house of the king, because the judgment is for you. … Continue reading →

צָרַ֥ר ר֛וּחַ אֹותָ֖הּ בִּכְנָפֶ֑יהָ וְיֵבֹ֖שׁוּ מִזִּבְחֹותָֽם׃ ס The wind has bound her up in its wings, and they shall be ashamed because of their altars.   Morphology צָרַר (tsarar) – Root: צרר (ts-r-r); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “has bound … Continue reading →

סָ֖ר סָבְאָ֑ם הַזְנֵ֣ה הִזְנ֔וּ אָהֲב֥וּ הֵב֛וּ קָלֹ֖ון מָגִנֶּֽיהָ׃ Their drink is turned aside; in whoredom they have utterly gone astray; they love shame more than their protectors.   Morphology סָר (sar) – Root: סור (s-w-r); Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: … Continue reading →

חֲב֧וּר עֲצַבִּ֛ים אֶפְרָ֖יִם הַֽנַּֽח־לֹֽו׃ Efrayim is joined to idols; leave him alone.   Morphology חֲב֧וּר (ḥavur) – Root: חבר (ḥ-b-r); Form: Qal passive participle masculine singular; Translation: “joined” or “bound”; Notes: Describes Ephrayim’s deep attachment—like being ‘tied’ or ‘fused’—to idols. … Continue reading →

כִּ֚י כְּפָרָ֣ה סֹֽרֵרָ֔ה סָרַ֖ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַתָּה֙ יִרְעֵ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה כְּכֶ֖בֶשׂ בַּמֶּרְחָֽב׃ For like a stubborn heifer, Yisraʾel is stubborn; now YHWH will pasture them like a lamb in a broad field.   Morphology כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: … Continue reading →

אִם־זֹנֶ֤ה אַתָּה֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַל־יֶאְשַׁ֖ם יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאַל־תָּבֹ֣אוּ הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל וְאַֽל־תַּעֲלוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית אָ֔וֶן וְאַל־תִּשָּׁבְע֖וּ חַי־יְהוָֽה׃ If you commit whoredom, O Yisraʾel, let Yehuda not become guilty; and do not come to the Gilgal, and do not go up to Beit Awen, and do … Continue reading →

לֹֽא־אֶפְקֹ֨וד עַל־בְּנֹותֵיכֶ֜ם כִּ֣י תִזְנֶ֗ינָה וְעַל־כַּלֹּֽותֵיכֶם֙ כִּ֣י תְנָאַ֔פְנָה כִּי־הֵם֙ עִם־הַזֹּנֹ֣ות יְפָרֵ֔דוּ וְעִם־הַקְּדֵשֹׁ֖ות יְזַבֵּ֑חוּ וְעָ֥ם לֹֽא־יָבִ֖ין יִלָּבֵֽט׃ I will not punish your daughters when they commit whoredom, nor your daughters-in-law when they commit adultery; for they themselves go aside with the harlots, … Continue reading →

עַל־רָאשֵׁ֨י הֶהָרִ֜ים יְזַבֵּ֗חוּ וְעַל־הַגְּבָעֹות֙ יְקַטֵּ֔רוּ תַּ֣חַת אַלֹּ֧ון וְלִבְנֶ֛ה וְאֵלָ֖ה כִּ֣י טֹ֣וב צִלָּ֑הּ עַל־כֵּ֗ן תִּזְנֶ֨ינָה֙ בְּנֹ֣ותֵיכֶ֔ם וְכַלֹּותֵיכֶ֖ם תְּנָאַֽפְנָה׃ Upon the tops of the mountains they sacrifice, and upon the hills they burn incense, under oak, and poplar, and terebinth, because its … Continue reading →

עַמִּי֙ בְּעֵצֹ֣ו יִשְׁאָ֔ל וּמַקְלֹ֖ו יַגִּ֣יד לֹ֑ו כִּ֣י ר֤וּחַ זְנוּנִים֙ הִתְעָ֔ה וַיִּזְנ֖וּ מִתַּ֥חַת אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ My people ask counsel from their piece of wood, and their staff declares to them; for the spirit of whoredom has led them astray, and they have … Continue reading →

זְנ֛וּת וְיַ֥יִן וְתִירֹ֖ושׁ יִֽקַּֽח־לֵֽב׃ Whoredom and wine and new wine take away the heart.   Morphology זְנוּת (zenut) – Root: זנה (z-n-h); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “whoredom” or “harlotry”; Notes: Refers both to literal sexual immorality and metaphorical idolatry. … Continue reading →

וְאָֽכְלוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׂבָּ֔עוּ הִזְנ֖וּ וְלֹ֣א יִפְרֹ֑צוּ כִּֽי־אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה עָזְב֖וּ לִשְׁמֹֽר׃ And they shall eat but not be satisfied; they have committed whoredom but shall not multiply, for they have forsaken YHWH to keep watch.   Morphology וְאָכְלוּ (veʾakhelu) – Root: אכל … Continue reading →

וְהָיָ֥ה כָעָ֖ם כַּכֹּהֵ֑ן וּפָקַדְתִּ֤י עָלָיו֙ דְּרָכָ֔יו וּמַעֲלָלָ֖יו אָשִׁ֥יב לֹֽו׃ And it shall be: like people, like priest; I will visit upon him his ways, and his deeds I will return to him.   Morphology וְהָיָ֥ה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (h-y-h); … Continue reading →

חַטַּ֥את עַמִּ֖י יֹאכֵ֑לוּ וְאֶל־עֲוֹנָ֖ם יִשְׂא֥וּ נַפְשֹֽׁו׃ They eat the sin of My people, and toward their iniquity they lift up their soul.   Morphology חַטַּאת (ḥaṭṭat) – Root: חטא (ḥ-ṭ-ʾ); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “sin” or “sin offering”; Notes: … Continue reading →

כְּרֻבָּ֖ם כֵּ֣ן חָֽטְאוּ־לִ֑י כְּבֹודָ֖ם בְּקָלֹ֥ון אָמִֽיר׃ As they were multiplied, so they sinned against Me; I will turn their glory into shame.   Morphology כְּרֻבָּם (kerubbam) – Root: רבה (r-b-h); Form: Preposition כְּ + Qal passive participle masculine plural + … Continue reading →

נִדְמ֥וּ עַמִּ֖י מִבְּלִ֣י הַדָּ֑עַת כִּֽי־אַתָּ֞ה הַדַּ֣עַת מָאַ֗סְתָּ וְאֶמְאָֽסְאךָ֙ מִכַּהֵ֣ן לִ֔י וַתִּשְׁכַּח֙ תֹּורַ֣ת אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֶשְׁכַּ֥ח בָּנֶ֖יךָ גַּם־אָֽנִי׃ My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge. Because you have rejected knowledge, I will also reject you from being priest to Me; since … Continue reading →

וְכָשַׁלְתָּ֣ הַיֹּ֔ום וְכָשַׁ֧ל גַּם־נָבִ֛יא עִמְּךָ֖ לָ֑יְלָה וְדָמִ֖יתִי אִמֶּֽךָ׃ You shall stumble by day, and the prophet also shall stumble with you by night, and I will destroy your mother.   Morphology וְכָשַׁלְתָּ (ve-khashalta) – Root: כשל (k-š-l); Form: Conjunction וְ … Continue reading →

אַ֥ךְ אִ֛ישׁ אַל־יָרֵ֖ב וְאַל־יֹוכַ֣ח אִ֑ישׁ וְעַמְּךָ֖ כִּמְרִיבֵ֥י כֹהֵֽן׃ Yet let no man contend, and let no man reprove, for your people are like those who contend with the priest.   Morphology אַךְ (ʾakh) – Root: —; Form: Adverb/particle; Translation: “yet,” … Continue reading →

עַל־כֵּ֣ן תֶּאֱבַ֣ל הָאָ֗רֶץ וְאֻמְלַל֙ כָּל־יֹושֵׁ֣ב בָּ֔הּ בְּחַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וּבְעֹ֣וף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְגַם־דְּגֵ֥י הַיָּ֖ם יֵאָסֵֽפוּ׃ Therefore the land shall mourn, and everyone who dwells in it shall languish, with the beast of the field and with the bird of the heavens; even … Continue reading →

אָלֹ֣ה וְכַחֵ֔שׁ וְרָצֹ֥חַ וְגָנֹ֖ב וְנָאֹ֑ף פָּרָ֕צוּ וְדָמִ֥ים בְּדָמִ֖ים נָגָֽעוּ׃ Swearing, lying, murdering, stealing, and committing adultery. They have broken all bounds, and blood touches blood.   Morphology אָלֹה (ʾalah) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun feminine singular or infinitive absolute … Continue reading →