Category Archives: Exodus

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ And YHWH spoke to Moshe, saying,    Morphology וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר (va-yedabber) – Root: דבר (d-b-r); Form: Piel imperfect, 3ms, with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And he spoke”; Notes: Indicates direct communication initiated by YHWH. יְהוָ֖ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה … Continue reading →

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר מֹשֶׁ֛ה כֵּ֖ן אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֤א שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִקֹּ֣צֶר ר֔וּחַ וּמֵעֲבֹדָ֖ה קָשָֽׁה׃ פ And Moshe spoke thus to the children of Yisraʾel, but they did not listen to Moshe because of shortness of spirit and hard labor.   Morphology וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר … Continue reading →

וְהֵבֵאתִ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֨אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לָתֵ֣ת אֹתָ֔הּ לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹ֑ב וְנָתַתִּ֨י אֹתָ֥הּ לָכֶ֛ם מֹורָשָׁ֖ה אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ I will bring you to the land which I raised My hand to give to Avraham, to Yitsḥaq, and to Yaʿaqov; and I … Continue reading →

וְלָקַחְתִּ֨י אֶתְכֶ֥ם לִי֙ לְעָ֔ם וְהָיִ֥יתִי לָכֶ֖ם לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים וִֽידַעְתֶּ֗ם כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם הַמֹּוצִ֣יא אֶתְכֶ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת סִבְלֹ֥ות מִצְרָֽיִם׃ I will take you as My people, and I will be your God. Then you will know that I am YHWH your God, … Continue reading →

לָכֵ֞ן אֱמֹ֥ר לִבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ אֲנִ֣י יְהוָה֒ וְהֹוצֵאתִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֗ם מִתַּ֨חַת֙ סִבְלֹ֣ת מִצְרַ֔יִם וְהִצַּלְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵעֲבֹדָתָ֑ם וְגָאַלְתִּ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ בִּזְרֹ֣ועַ נְטוּיָ֔ה וּבִשְׁפָטִ֖ים גְּדֹלִֽים׃ Therefore, say to the children of Yisraʾel, ‘I am YHWH, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of … Continue reading →

וְגַ֣ם אֲנִ֣י שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי אֶֽת־נַאֲקַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִצְרַ֖יִם מַעֲבִדִ֣ים אֹתָ֑ם וָאֶזְכֹּ֖ר אֶת־בְּרִיתִֽי׃ And I have also heard the groaning of the children of Yisraʾel, whom the Mitsrayim are enslaving, and I have remembered my covenant.   Morphology וְגַ֣ם (ve-gam) – … Continue reading →

וְגַ֨ם הֲקִמֹ֤תִי אֶת־בְּרִיתִי֙ אִתָּ֔ם לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶ֖ם אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן אֵ֛ת אֶ֥רֶץ מְגֻרֵיהֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־גָּ֥רוּ בָֽהּ׃ And I have also established my covenant with them, to give them the land of Kenaʿan, the land of their sojournings, where they sojourned.   Morphology וְגַ֨ם … Continue reading →

וָאֵרָ֗א אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֶל־יִצְחָ֥ק וְאֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֖ב בְּאֵ֣ל שַׁדָּ֑י וּשְׁמִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א נֹודַ֖עְתִּי לָהֶֽם׃ And I appeared to Avraham, to Yitsḥaq, and to Yaʿaqov as El Shaddai, but by my name YHWH, I was not known to them.   Morphology וָאֵרָ֗א (va-era) – … Continue reading →

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ And God spoke to Moshe and said to him, “I am YHWH.   Morphology וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר (vayedabber) – Root: דבר (d-b-r); Form: Piel imperfect, 3ms with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And he spoke”; Notes: Indicates YHWH … Continue reading →

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה עַתָּ֣ה תִרְאֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖ה לְפַרְעֹ֑ה כִּ֣י בְיָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ יְשַׁלְּחֵ֔ם וּבְיָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה יְגָרְשֵׁ֖ם מֵאַרְצֹֽו׃ ס And YHWH said to Moshe, “Now you will see what I will do to Parʿo, for with a strong hand he will send … Continue reading →

וּמֵאָ֞ז בָּ֤אתִי אֶל־פַּרְעֹה֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר בִּשְׁמֶ֔ךָ הֵרַ֖ע לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה וְהַצֵּ֥ל לֹא־הִצַּ֖לְתָּ אֶת־עַמֶּֽךָ׃ And since I came to Parʿo to speak in Your name, he has harmed this people, and You have not delivered Your people.”   Morphology וּמֵאָ֞ז (umeʾaz) – Root: … Continue reading →

וַיָּ֧שָׁב מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֲדֹנָ֗י לָמָ֤ה הֲרֵעֹ֨תָה֙ לָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה שְׁלַחְתָּֽנִי׃ And Moshe returned to YHWH and said, “My Lord, why have You brought harm upon this people? Why then did You send me?   Morphology וַיָּ֧שָׁב (vayyashov) – … Continue reading →

וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם יֵ֧רֶא יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְיִשְׁפֹּ֑ט אֲשֶׁ֧ר הִבְאַשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־רֵיחֵ֗נוּ בְּעֵינֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ וּבְעֵינֵ֣י עֲבָדָ֔יו לָֽתֶת־חֶ֥רֶב בְּיָדָ֖ם לְהָרְגֵֽנוּ׃ And they said to them, “May YHWH look upon you and judge, for you have made our aroma offensive in the sight of Parʿo … Continue reading →

וַֽיִּפְגְּעוּ֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֔ן נִצָּבִ֖ים לִקְרָאתָ֑ם בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מֵאֵ֥ת פַּרְעֹֽה׃ And they encountered Moshe and Aharon standing to meet them as they came out from Parʿo.   Morphology וַֽיִּפְגְּעוּ֙ (vayyifgeʿu) – Root: פגע (p-g-ʿ); Form: Qal imperfect, 3mp with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And … Continue reading →

וַיִּרְא֞וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵ֧י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֹתָ֖ם בְּרָ֣ע לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹא־תִגְרְע֥וּ מִלִּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם דְּבַר־יֹ֥ום בְּיֹומֹֽו׃ And the officers of the children of Yisraʾel saw them in trouble, saying, “You shall not reduce the number of your bricks, the quota of each day in its day.” … Continue reading →

וְעַתָּה֙ לְכ֣וּ עִבְד֔וּ וְתֶ֖בֶן לֹא־יִנָּתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֑ם וְתֹ֥כֶן לְבֵנִ֖ים תִּתֵּֽנּוּ׃ And now go, work, and straw will not be given to you, but the required number of bricks you shall deliver.”   Morphology וְעַתָּה֙ (veʿattah) – Root: עתה (ʿ-t-h); Form: Adverb … Continue reading →

וַיֹּ֛אמֶר נִרְפִּ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם נִרְפִּ֑ים עַל־כֵּן֙ אַתֶּ֣ם אֹֽמְרִ֔ים נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃ And he said, “You are idle, you are idle; therefore you say, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to YHWH.’   Morphology וַיֹּ֛אמֶר (vayomer) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Qal imperfect, … Continue reading →

תֶּ֗בֶן אֵ֤ין נִתָּן֙ לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ וּלְבֵנִ֛ים אֹמְרִ֥ים לָ֖נוּ עֲשׂ֑וּ וְהִנֵּ֧ה עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ מֻכִּ֖ים וְחָטָ֥את עַמֶּֽךָ׃ Straw is not being given to your servants, yet they say to us, ‘Make bricks!’ And behold, your servants are beaten, and the fault is with your … Continue reading →

וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר לָ֧מָּה תַעֲשֶׂ֦ה כֹ֖ה לַעֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃ And the officers of the children of Yisraʾel came and cried out to Parʿo, saying, “Why do you act thus toward your servants? Morphology וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ (vayyavoʾu) – Root: בוא … Continue reading →

וַיֻּכּ֗וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣מוּ עֲלֵהֶ֔ם נֹגְשֵׂ֥י פַרְעֹ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר מַדּ֡וּעַ לֹא֩ כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְכֶ֤ם לִלְבֹּן֙ כִּתְמֹ֣ול שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּם־תְּמֹ֖ול גַּם־הַיֹּֽום׃ And the officers of the children of Yisraʾel, whom Parʿo’s taskmasters had set over them, were beaten and asked, “Why have you … Continue reading →

וְהַנֹּגְשִׂ֖ים אָצִ֣ים לֵאמֹ֑ר כַּלּ֤וּ מַעֲשֵׂיכֶם֙ דְּבַר־יֹ֣ום בְּיֹומֹ֔ו כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּהְיֹ֥ות הַתֶּֽבֶן׃ And the taskmasters were urgent, saying, “Complete your work, the daily task as when there was straw.”   Morphology וְהַנֹּגְשִׂ֖ים (vehanogesim) – Root: נגשׂ (n-g-s); Form: Participle, masculine plural absolute … Continue reading →

וַיָּ֥פֶץ הָעָ֖ם בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם לְקֹשֵׁ֥שׁ קַ֖שׁ לַתֶּֽבֶן׃ And the people scattered throughout all the land of Mitsrayim to gather stubble for straw.   Morphology וַיָּ֥פֶץ (vayafetz) – Root: פוץ (p-w-tz); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (and he scattered), 3ms; Translation: “And scattered”; … Continue reading →

אַתֶּ֗ם לְכ֨וּ קְח֤וּ לָכֶם֙ תֶּ֔בֶן מֵאֲשֶׁ֖ר תִּמְצָ֑אוּ כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נִגְרָ֛ע מֵעֲבֹדַתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָֽר׃ You go, get straw for yourselves wherever you can find it, for nothing will be reduced from your workload.’”   Morphology אַתֶּ֗ם (atem) – Root: אתם (ʾ-t-m); Form: … Continue reading →

וַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּ נֹגְשֵׂ֤י הָעָם֙ וְשֹׁ֣טְרָ֔יו וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֶל־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר פַּרְעֹ֔ה אֵינֶ֛נִּי נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן׃ And the taskmasters of the people and their officers went out and spoke to the people, saying, “Thus says Parʿo, ‘I will not give you straw.’ … Continue reading →

תִּכְבַּ֧ד הָעֲבֹדָ֛ה עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וְיַעֲשׂוּ־בָ֑הּ וְאַל־יִשְׁע֖וּ בְּדִבְרֵי־שָֽׁקֶר׃ Let the work be heavier upon the men, so that they will labor in it and not regard false words.”   Morphology תִּכְבַּ֧ד (tikbad) – Root: כבד (k-v-d); Form: Qal imperfect, 3fs; Translation: “Let … Continue reading →

וְאֶת־מַתְכֹּ֨נֶת הַלְּבֵנִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵם֩ עֹשִׂ֨ים תְּמֹ֤ול שִׁלְשֹׁם֙ תָּשִׂ֣ימוּ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תִגְרְע֖וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ כִּֽי־נִרְפִּ֣ים הֵ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֗ן הֵ֤ם צֹֽעֲקִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ And the quota of bricks which they were making before, you shall place upon them; you shall not diminish … Continue reading →

לֹ֣א תֹאסִפ֞וּן לָתֵ֨ת תֶּ֧בֶן לָעָ֛ם לִלְבֹּ֥ן הַלְּבֵנִ֖ים כִּתְמֹ֣ול שִׁלְשֹׁ֑ם הֵ֚ם יֵֽלְכ֔וּ וְקֹשְׁשׁ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן׃ “You shall no longer give straw to the people to make bricks as before; let them go and gather straw for themselves.   Morphology לֹ֣א (lo) … Continue reading →

וַיְצַ֥ו פַּרְעֹ֖ה בַּיֹּ֣ום הַה֑וּא אֶת־הַנֹּגְשִׂ֣ים בָּעָ֔ם וְאֶת־שֹׁטְרָ֖יו לֵאמֹֽר׃ And Parʿo commanded on that day the taskmasters of the people and their officers, saying,   Morphology וַיְצַ֥ו (vayetsav) – Root: צוה (ts-v-h); Form: Piel imperfect with vav consecutive, 3ms; Translation: “And … Continue reading →

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֔ה הֵן־רַבִּ֥ים עַתָּ֖ה עַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהִשְׁבַּתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֖ם מִסִּבְלֹתָֽם׃ And Parʿo said, “Behold, the people of the land are now many, and you make them rest from their burdens.”   Morphology וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (vayomer) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Qal imperfect … Continue reading →

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לָ֚מָּה מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן תַּפְרִ֥יעוּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם מִמַּֽעֲשָׂ֑יו לְכ֖וּ לְסִבְלֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ And the king of Mitsrayim said to them, “Why, Moshe and Aharon, do you distract the people from their work? Go to your burdens.”   Morphology וַיֹּ֤אמֶר (vayomer) … Continue reading →