Author Archives: תּוֹרָה

עַתָּ֗ה קֻ֛מוּ וְעִבְר֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־נַ֣חַל זָ֑רֶד וַֽנַּעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־נַ֥חַל זָֽרֶד׃ Now arise and cross over the Zered valley; so we crossed over the Zered valley.   Morphology עַתָּ֗ה (ʿattah) – Root: עתה (ʿth); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Now”; Notes: Indicates the present … Continue reading →

וּבְשֵׂעִ֞יר יָשְׁב֣וּ הַחֹרִים֮ לְפָנִים֒ וּבְנֵ֧י עֵשָׂ֣ו יִֽירָשׁ֗וּם וַיַּשְׁמִידוּם֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ תַּחְתָּ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר עָשָׂ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לְאֶ֨רֶץ֙ יְרֻשָּׁתֹ֔ו אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה לָהֶֽם׃ And in Seʿir, the Ḥorites formerly lived, but the descendants of ʿEsav dispossessed them, destroying them before themselves, and settled in … Continue reading →

רְפָאִ֛ים יֵחָשְׁב֥וּ אַף־הֵ֖ם כָּעֲנָקִ֑ים וְהַמֹּ֣אָבִ֔ים יִקְרְא֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם אֵמִֽים׃ The Rephaim also are considered like the Anaqim, but the Moʾavim call them Emim.   Morphology רְפָאִ֛ים (refaʾim) – Root: רפא (rph); Form: Proper noun, masculine plural; Translation: “Rephaim”; Notes: Refers to … Continue reading →

הָאֵמִ֥ים לְפָנִ֖ים יָ֣שְׁבוּ בָ֑הּ עַ֣ם גָּדֹ֥ול וְרַ֛ב וָרָ֖ם כָּעֲנָקִֽים׃ The Emim formerly lived there, a people great, numerous, and tall as the Anaqim.   Morphology הָאֵמִ֥ים (ha-ʾemim) – Root: אֵם (ʾm); Form: Proper noun with definite article; Translation: “The Emim”; … Continue reading →

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֶל־תָּ֨צַר֙ אֶת־מֹואָ֔ב וְאַל־תִּתְגָּ֥ר בָּ֖ם מִלְחָמָ֑ה כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֨ן לְךָ֤ מֵֽאַרְצֹו֙ יְרֻשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֣י לִבְנֵי־לֹ֔וט נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־עָ֖ר יְרֻשָּׁה׃ And YHWH said to me, ‘Do not harass Moʾav and do not provoke them to war, for I will not give you … Continue reading →

וַֽנַּעֲבֹ֞ר מֵאֵ֧ת אַחֵ֣ינוּ בְנֵי־עֵשָׂ֗ו הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ בְּשֵׂעִ֔יר מִדֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ הָֽעֲרָבָ֔ה מֵאֵילַ֖ת וּמֵעֶצְיֹ֣ן גָּ֑בֶר ס וַנֵּ֨פֶן֙ וַֽנַּעֲבֹ֔ר דֶּ֖רֶךְ מִדְבַּ֥ר מֹואָֽב׃ And we passed from the territory of our brothers, the children of ʿEsav, who dwell in Seʿir, by way of the ʿArava, from … Continue reading →

כִּי֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ בֵּֽרַכְךָ֗ בְּכֹל֙ מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדֶ֔ךָ יָדַ֣ע לֶכְתְּךָ֔ אֶת־הַמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַגָּדֹ֖ל הַזֶּ֑ה זֶ֣ה אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֗ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֥א חָסַ֖רְתָּ דָּבָֽר׃ For YHWH your God has blessed you in all the work of your hands. He has known your journey … Continue reading →

אֹ֣כֶל תִּשְׁבְּר֧וּ מֵֽאִתָּ֛ם בַּכֶּ֖סֶף וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֑ם וְגַם־מַ֜יִם תִּכְר֧וּ מֵאִתָּ֛ם בַּכֶּ֖סֶף וּשְׁתִיתֶֽם׃ You shall buy food from them with silver, and you shall eat; and you shall also purchase water from them with silver, and drink.   Morphology אֹ֣כֶל (ʾokhel) – Root: … Continue reading →

אַל־תִּתְגָּר֣וּ בָ֔ם כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֤ן לָכֶם֙ מֵֽאַרְצָ֔ם עַ֖ד מִדְרַ֣ךְ כַּף־רָ֑גֶל כִּֽי־יְרֻשָּׁ֣ה לְעֵשָׂ֔ו נָתַ֖תִּי אֶת־הַ֥ר שֵׂעִֽיר׃ Do not provoke them, for I will not give you any of their land, not even the sole of a footstep, because I have given Mount … Continue reading →

וְאֶת־הָעָם֮ צַ֣ו לֵאמֹר֒ אַתֶּ֣ם עֹֽבְרִ֗ים בִּגְבוּל֙ אֲחֵיכֶ֣ם בְּנֵי־עֵשָׂ֔ו הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בְּשֵׂעִ֑יר וְיִֽירְא֣וּ מִכֶּ֔ם וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם מְאֹֽד׃ And command the people, saying: “You are passing through the territory of your brothers, the descendants of ʿEsav, who dwell in Seʿir, and they will be … Continue reading →

רַב־לָכֶ֕ם סֹ֖ב אֶת־הָהָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה פְּנ֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם צָפֹֽנָה׃ ‘You have circled this mountain long enough; turn yourselves northward.   Morphology רַב (rav) – Root: רבב (rbb); Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “Enough”; Notes: Expresses sufficiency. לָכֶ֕ם (lakhem) – Root: לְ (l) … Continue reading →

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃ And YHWH said to me, saying,   Morphology וַיֹּ֥אמֶר (vayyoʾmer) – Root: אמר (ʾmr); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces direct speech. יְהוָ֖ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה … Continue reading →

וַנֵּ֜פֶן וַנִּסַּ֤ע הַמִּדְבָּ֨רָה֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יַם־ס֔וּף כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י וַנָּ֥סָב אֶת־הַר־שֵׂעִ֖יר יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ ס So we turned and journeyed into the wilderness by the way of the Sea of Suf, as YHWH spoke to me, and we circled Mount Seʿir … Continue reading →

וַתֵּשְׁב֥וּ בְקָדֵ֖שׁ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים כַּיָּמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְשַׁבְתֶּֽם׃ And you stayed in Qadesh many days, like the days that you stayed.   Morphology וַתֵּשְׁב֥וּ (vatteshvu) – Root: ישב (yšb); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And you … Continue reading →

וַתָּשֻׁ֥בוּ וַתִּבְכּ֖וּ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־שָׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ בְּקֹ֣לְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א הֶאֱזִ֖ין אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ And you returned and wept before YHWH, but YHWH did not listen to your voice and did not pay attention to you.   Morphology וַתָּשֻׁ֥בוּ (vattashuvu) – Root: שוב (šwb); … Continue reading →

וַיֵּצֵ֨א הָאֱמֹרִ֜י הַיֹּשֵׁ֨ב בָּהָ֤ר הַהוּא֙ לִקְרַאתְכֶ֔ם וַיִּרְדְּפ֣וּ אֶתְכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ינָה הַדְּבֹרִ֑ים וַֽיַּכְּת֥וּ אֶתְכֶ֛ם בְּשֵׂעִ֖יר עַד־חָרְמָֽה׃ Then the Emori who lived in that hill country came out against you and chased you as bees do, and they struck you down in … Continue reading →

וָאֲדַבֵּ֥ר אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְלֹ֣א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם וַתַּמְרוּ֙ אֶת־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַתָּזִ֖דוּ וַתַּעֲל֥וּ הָהָֽרָה׃ And I spoke to you, but you did not listen, and you rebelled against the command of YHWH and acted presumptuously and went up into the hill country.   Morphology … Continue reading →

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֱמֹ֤ר לָהֶם֙ לֹ֤א תַֽעֲלוּ֙ וְלֹא־תִלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ כִּ֥י אֵינֶ֖נִּי בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וְלֹא֙ תִּנָּֽגְפ֔וּ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם׃ And YHWH said to me, ‘Say to them: You shall not go up, nor shall you fight, for I am not among you, lest you … Continue reading →

וַֽתַּעֲנ֣וּ וַתֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלַ֗י חָטָאנוּ֮ לַֽיהוָה֒ אֲנַ֤חְנוּ נַעֲלֶה֙ וְנִלְחַ֔מְנוּ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֖נוּ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וַֽתַּחְגְּר֗וּ אִ֚ישׁ אֶת־כְּלֵ֣י מִלְחַמְתֹּ֔ו וַתָּהִ֖ינוּ לַעֲלֹ֥ת הָהָֽרָה׃ And you answered and said to me, ‘We have sinned against YHWH; we will go up and fight according to all … Continue reading →

וְאַתֶּ֖ם פְּנ֣וּ לָכֶ֑ם וּסְע֥וּ הַמִּדְבָּ֖רָה דֶּ֥רֶךְ יַם־סֽוּף׃ But you, turn yourselves and journey into the wilderness by the way of the Sea of Suf.’   Morphology וְאַתֶּ֖ם (veʾattem) – Root: אתם (ʾtm); Form: Conjunction + pronoun, 2nd person masculine plural; … Continue reading →

וְטַפְּכֶם֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲמַרְתֶּ֜ם לָבַ֣ז יִהְיֶ֗ה וּ֠בְנֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־יָדְע֤וּ הַיֹּום֙ טֹ֣וב וָרָ֔ע הֵ֖מָּה יָבֹ֣אוּ שָׁ֑מָּה וְלָהֶ֣ם אֶתְּנֶ֔נָּה וְהֵ֖ם יִירָשֽׁוּהָ׃ And your little ones, about whom you said they would become plunder, and your children who today do not know good or … Continue reading →

יְהֹושֻׁ֤עַ בִּן נוּן֙ הָעֹמֵ֣ד לְפָנֶ֔יךָ ה֖וּא יָ֣בֹא שָׁ֑מָּה אֹתֹ֣ו חַזֵּ֔ק כִּי־ה֖וּא יַנְחִלֶ֥נָּה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ Yehoshua bin Nun, the one standing before you, he will go there. Strengthen him, for he will cause Yisraʾel to inherit it.   Morphology יְהֹושֻׁ֤עַ (Yehoshuaʿ) – … Continue reading →

גַּם־בִּי֙ הִתְאַנַּ֣ף יְהוָ֔ה בִּגְלַלְכֶ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר גַּם־אַתָּ֖ה לֹא־תָבֹ֥א שָֽׁם׃ YHWH was also angry with me because of you, saying, ‘You too shall not enter there.   Morphology גַּם (gam) – Root: גם (gm); Form: Adverb; Translation: “also”; Notes: Indicates inclusion or … Continue reading →

זֽוּלָתִ֞י כָּלֵ֤ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה֙ ה֣וּא יִרְאֶ֔נָּה וְלֹֽו־אֶתֵּ֧ן אֶת־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דָּֽרַךְ־בָּ֖הּ וּלְבָנָ֑יו יַ֕עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִלֵּ֖א אַחֲרֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ except for Kalev son of Yefunne, he shall see it, and to him I will give the land upon which he has trodden, and to … Continue reading →

אִם־יִרְאֶ֥ה אִישׁ֙ בָּאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה הַדֹּ֥ור הָרָ֖ע הַזֶּ֑ה אֵ֚ת הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטֹּובָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁבַּ֔עְתִּי לָתֵ֖ת לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ ‘If any man among these men of this evil generation shall see the good land which I swore to give to your fathers,   Morphology אִם־יִרְאֶ֥ה … Continue reading →

וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־קֹ֣ול דִּבְרֵיכֶ֑ם וַיִּקְצֹ֖ף וַיִּשָּׁבַ֥ע לֵאמֹֽר׃ And YHWH heard the sound of your words and was angry, and He swore, saying:   Morphology וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע (vayishma) – Root: שׁמע (šmʿ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: … Continue reading →

הַהֹלֵ֨ךְ לִפְנֵיכֶ֜ם בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ לָת֥וּר לָכֶ֛ם מָקֹ֖ום לַֽחֲנֹֽתְכֶ֑ם בָּאֵ֣שׁ לַ֗יְלָה לַרְאֹֽתְכֶם֙ בַּדֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּֽלְכוּ־בָ֔הּ וּבֶעָנָ֖ן יֹומָֽם׃ the one who goes before you on the way to seek out a place for you to encamp, in fire by night to show you … Continue reading →

וּבַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה אֵֽינְכֶם֙ מַאֲמִינִ֔ם בַּיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ Yet in this matter you do not believe in YHWH your God,   Morphology וּבַדָּבָ֖ר (u-baddavar) – Root: דבר (dbr); Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “and in the matter”; … Continue reading →

וּבַמִּדְבָּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָאִ֔יתָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נְשָׂאֲךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשָּׂא־אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־בְּנֹ֑ו בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֲלַכְתֶּ֔ם עַד־בֹּאֲכֶ֖ם עַד־הַמָּקֹ֥ום הַזֶּֽה׃ And in the wilderness where you saw how YHWH your God carried you, as a man carries his son, in all the way that … Continue reading →

יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ הַהֹלֵ֣ךְ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם ה֖וּא יִלָּחֵ֣ם לָכֶ֑ם כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֧ה אִתְּכֶ֛ם בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם לְעֵינֵיכֶֽם׃ YHWH your God, who goes before you, He will fight for you, just as He did for you in Mitsrayim before your eyes.   Morphology יְהוָ֤ה (YHWH) … Continue reading →